CDFR 3002 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture I. Parenting in Gay and Lesbian Families Part 2 Outline of Current Lecture II. Four Main Stages of Stress III. Basic Assumptions IV. Importance of Marriage V. Definition of StressVI. Basic Concepts VII. Disasters, Victimization, and Adversity VIII. National Survey 2001-2002 (n=2030) IX. Illness and Death X. Common Experiences for Children XI. Common Experiences for Parents Current Lecture- Four Main Stages of Stresso Crisiso Disorganizationo Recovery o Reorganization  Consists of Three Responses - Reverts to Same Level or Organization - Improves- Stabilizes But is Not as Good as It Was Before - Basic Assumptions o Stressor Events (A) Is Not Positive or Negative - Remains Neutral Until Interpretation is Attach  Level of Impact Based on 8 Criteria - Is Stressor Internal or External - Is It Focused on One Member or All Members?- Is it Sudden or Gradual? - How severe is it? - How Long Does Family Have to Adjust? - Was it Expected or Unexpected? - Is it Natural or Artificial/Human Made? - Can it be solved or is it Viewed as Unsolvable? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Resources (B)  How is the Family Going to Deal with the Stressor What Things Do They Have Access to That Will Help Them?- Individually - As a Family - Within the Community  Best Response is a Variety of Resources  Social Support is One of the Most Important Resources to Access o Definition of the Situation (C)  How Individuals Interpret Stressor Just as Important as Resources  100 Simple Secrets of Happy People - Happy and Unhappy People Tend to Have Had Very Similar Life Experiences. The Difference is That the Average Unhappy Person Spends Twice as Much Time Thinking About Unpleasant Events in their Lives, While Happy People Tend to Seek and Rely Upon Information That Brightens Their Personal Outlook o Stress and Crisis (X)  Not All Stressors Lead to Crisis  Crisis is Reached When Family is No Longer Able to Maintain its Usual Balance Because of Stressor - Importance of Marriageo Marriage, Love, and Angina With Men  Does Your Wife Show Her Love? - No Answer Reported Twice as Many Episodes of Angina During Next 5 Years o Stress and Depressed Immune System  More Belligerent And Contemptuous the Partner the Higher the Symptoms  Effects Persisted for up to 24 Hours After Fight  Newlywed Sample o Depression and Anxiety  Conflict and Hostility in Relationship Increases - Self-Doubt, Hopelessness, and Helplessness  Marital Distress Raises Risk for Depression 10 Fold  Love Hurts - Brain Imagining Studies Show: o Rejection and Exclusion Trigger Same Part of Brain as Physical Pain o Positive Influences  Jim Coan (UVA) Studied Women Having an MRI Brain Scan - You Will Get Shocked – Lit up Stress Areas of Brain - Partner’s Touch – Less Stress and Less Pain - Noticeably Stronger in Happiest Relationships (Highest Scores on Satisfaction)  Contact with Loving Partner Acts as Buffer Against Shock, Stress, Pain o Other Positive Findings  Those Who Felt Close to Partner and Could Depend on Partner - Less Anger (Expressed in More Controlled Way)- Less Likely to Attribute Malicious Intent to Their Partners - Expressed More Positive Goals; More Successful in Achieving Own Goal - Understood Self Better - Liked Themselves Better - Were More Open With Evaluations (More Balanced – Able to See Positive and Negative) - More Conflict in Solving Problems on Their Own o Love is Not Icing on Cake  Love is Basic Primary Need, Like Oxygen or Water - Definition of Stress o Stress is a Physical, Mental, and Emotional Response to Life’s Changes and Demands - Basic Concepts o Stressor In Original Theory Seen as Discrete Event/Stressoro Normative Evento Resources Direct Actions: Do Something Intrapsychic Coping: Cognitive Reframing  Controlling the Emotion: Positive (Talk) vs. Negative (Alcohol) o Crisiso Adaptation  Bonadaptation Maladaptation - Disasters, Victimization, and Adversity o Disasters: Loss of Basic Human Necessities Caused by Human and Natural Means (Fires, Hurricanes, Tornados) o Victimization: Physical/Psychological Harm to Individuals Who Violate Society’s Norms (Assault, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Neglect) o Adversity: Daily Events That are Associated with Psychological Suffering But Not Caused by Circumstances Not Individuals (Illness, Incarcerated Parent) - National Survey 2001-2002 (n=2030) o Disasters 14% of Children age 2-17 Had Been Exposed to One Disaster in Lifetime - 4% Had Been Exposed in the Past Year  Most Common Disasters: - Tornados: 27% - Hurricanes: 24% - Earthquakes: 18% - Fires: 14% - 70 Children Had Experienced Disaster; Only 2 Received Therapy  1 out of Every 7 Children Experience a Disaster o Victimization - Illness and Death o 10% of Children Have Serious or Chronic Illnesses Asthma, Diabetes, Cerebral Palsy, HIV, Cystic Fibrosis, Cancer, Sickle Cell Disorder, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hemophilia o Illnesses May Vary by Symptoms, Treatments & Pain  But All Cause Stress and Worry and Require Intervention All Tend to Change Family Dynamics/Daily Schedules - Common Experiences for Children o Children Have Limited Understanding of Their Bodies o Anxiety  Parents Help Reduce Anxiety By:- Encouraging the Child to Talk About Their Feelings - Clarifying any Misconceptions - Giving the Child Strategies to Reduce Anxiety (Breathing, Mindfulness) - Letting Child Have Favorite Toy or Object During Hospital Visits o Guilt Children Often Think Illness is Punishment for Something They Did Wrong o Paino Anger and Irritability  Illnesses Can by Very Restrictive  Adolescents Often Have Most Difficulty Because They Want to be Like Their Friends - Common Experiences for Parents o Sources of Stress Worry and Uncertainty About Impact of Illness  Feelings of Guilt - Especially if Illness is Genetic  Feelings of Helplessness- Often Want to Fix the Situation But Cannot  Financial Burden Feelings of Inadequacy - Often Feel Torn Between Multiple Family Needs  Disrupted Work Schedule  Feeling Disconnected From Social Ties o Strategies to Reduce Stress  Form Collaborative Partnership  Balance Needs of All Family Members Focus on Positive Aspects- Cooperation and Sacrifice  Emphasis Commitment  Maintain