CDFR 3002 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. The Process of Parenting Outline of Current Lecture II. CultureIII. Two Main Cultural ModelsIV. Interdependent Systema. Asia and Africa ExamplesV. Independent System a. Europe and USA Examples VI. Main Values of “Americans”VII. Socializationa. Four Types of Socializationb. Acculturation VIII. Impact of Socioeconomic Status IX. PovertyX. Important Terms Current Lecture- Cultureo A system of values, beliefs, ways of thinking, routines, rituals, and institutions established by a group or population Can be as small as a neighborhood or as large as an entire ethnic group Provides way of looking at the world- What we talk about- What we remember- How we make meaning - Two Main Cultural Models o Independent/Individualistic Self or ego-centric Self is defined by: - Personal choices- Personal goals and achievementso Interdependent/Collectivistic  Group or sociocentric Self is defined by:- Membership in social system- Autonomous self does not exist apart from the group These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Interdependent Systemo Stressors Trying to understand others’ points of views Restraining one’s own thoughts and feelingso Supports Support of group is always available o Interdependent – Asia Chinese- Emotional interdependence- Harmony- Toddlers must learn expectations- Parents actively teacho Often point out mistakes- Emphasize learning and mastery Japanese - Pressures often come from peers- Less irritated by social constraints- Like the order that comes with clear duties- Emphasis on social valueso Interdependent – Africa  Sub-Saharan Africa- Mother-Child closenesso Nurse up to 3 - Multiple caregivers- Socially responsible behavioro Errands at a very young age- Independent Systemo Stressors Anxiety to achieve Lack of guaranteed help o Supports Have own interests Free to pursue own goals Don’t have the burdens of others’ expectations o Europe Regular routines Long hours of sleep Family timeo USA Encourage babies to sleep alone Sleep patterns are innate- Dutch sleep 2+ hours more  More partner events - Main Values of “Americans”o Personal freedomo Right to individual expressiono Pursue individual goals Assuming they don’t infringe on another’s rights- Socializationo Process through which children acquire beliefs, values, practices, skills, attitudes, behaviors, ways of thinking, and motives of their culture that together help children develop into effective and contributing members of the group o Four Types of Socialization Cultural habitation Social interactions Emotional Enculturation Cognitive Enculturation o Acculturation Learning about a new culture and deciding which aspects to be retained or sacrificed from the culture of origin - Integrationo Combination of old and new- Assimilationo Adapt new; abandon old- Separationo Maintain old; isolate from new- Marginalizationo Forced to give up old and not allowed to adapt because of discrimination - Impact of Socioeconomic Statuso Communication Professional: 487 utterances per hour (UPH) Working: 301 UPH (1.5 less than professional) Welfare: 178 UPH (3 times less)o Emotional Tone/Affirmative Feedback Professional: 30 times per hour (every 2 min.) Working: 15 times per hour (every 4 min.) Welfare: 6 times per hour (every 10 min.) o Prohibitions Professional: 5 times per hour Working: not provided Welfare: 11 times per hour Welfare: Twice as many negative - Povertyo Children poorest individuals in the USA 18% overall 34% African American 30% Hispanics 15% European American 14% Asian American o Poverty decreases Higher Parent Education Less children Two parent householdo Poverty increases Decrease in skilled jobs Increase in single parent households Reduction in government benefits - Important Termso Racism Any restriction that deprives individuals of basic human rightso Prejudice Negative thoughts, feelings, or judgments about somebody based on race, religion, or nationalityo Discrimination Unfair treatment because of race, religion, or nationality- Strongest predictor of poor psychological and social adaptation- Parents’ acceptance and support main protective factor against negative outcomes associated with