UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Hinduism II Buddhism Outline of Current Lecture III Ancient China Current Lecture Recap from last lecture Ideas from the East that entered American culture since the 1970s Music non violence civil disobedience meditation yoga racial equality care for the environment interest in astronomy astrology Ancient China Dynasties Shang 1500 1050 BC Zhou 1050 256 Warring States 403 221 Confucius Lao Tzu Chin 256 206 Han 206 BC 220 AD Tang 618 907 Diamond Sutra 868 Song 960 1279 Mongol Invasion 1279 1368 Very strong central government Periods of centralized control as seen above but gaps between them are periods of strife Silk Road Yellow and Yangtze River Valley important because a lot of China is mountainous Shang Dynasty Emergence of the State has at least 3 levels of government ruler army ruler has coercive power o Literacy o Urban fortified center These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Ruler King o Metalworking o Stratification by social class o Ancestor worship o Standing army Chinese writing logographic had between 40 000 and 80 000 characters o Comes out of religion o Made from bones or skulls Bronze working used to make objects for tombs decorations etc Capital is at Anyang King surrounded by aristocracy King was intermediary between main god and mankind because it was believed that the ancestor of the King was the main god Royal tombs filled with bronze objects chariots horses jade objects sign of tremendous wealth Zhou Dynasty Increase in population Coinage allows more flexible economy Widespread use of iron tools military weapons Great Wall defense against northerners always been a threat Military advances Chain mail crossbow iron Warring States period period of civil war central control slipped away Two figures in this time period that were important o Confucius grew up in a time of civil strife idealized the past and a sense of order teachings attributed to civil service exam o Lao Tzu legendary founder of Daoism faced with a period of strife turned the opposite way of Confucius saying knowledge and society is bad for you believes that the less government the better Chin Dynasty Centralized empire o Large emphasis on centralizing everything making everything the same expressing his power o 36 provinces each had a governor o Census 20 million population o Standardized weights measures script coins o Great Wall roads built national highway established o Tomb of Shi Huangdi emperor o Canals built Several assassination attempts on Shi Huangdi o Spent years preparing his own burial o Tomb is 4 square miles which took 36 years using 700 000 men o Model of the capital city o Terra Cotta army 6 000 soldiers standing at the front of the tomb made of terra cotta all stood 6 ft high chariots horses soldiers armed with spears or arrows all faces are different Han Dynasty Golden Age of China single benevolent family ruled China for over 400 years Technology paper 105 AD steel magnetic compass blast furnaces up to 1200 C Cast iron buildings seismograph piped gas Trade sea going ships India Africa Syria 98 AD Taxes generally low pensions introduced Great Wall extended another census 58 000 000 people History became important looking for examples of good government Magnetic compass ships could go further effect on trade In 98 China sent an ambassador to Rome Wealth jade is the preferred precious stone Silk route trade extended controlled 4 major parts Royal universities studied history astronomy medicine Tang Dynasty Civil service exams Census 53 million Printing of books 8th century Discoveries inventions gunpowder cannon abacus paper money banks Steel suspension bridges Bamboo drill Bamboo gas pipes to individual houses Buddhism became more popular was favorably received Diamond Sutra Buddhist manuscript