UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. New WorldOutline of Current LectureII. Medieval EuropeCurrent LectureMedieval Europe: - 4th – 7th century: migration period Fall of Rome (410) – infrastructure disappeared and area became vulnerable, invasions from north and east o Invaders converted to Christianity o Missionaries sent out – spread religion o Vandals tribe – came in destroying churches o Monasteries set up where religious people escaped to and lived – completely self-contained – many manuscripts copied and stored in them o Some tribes began unifying themselves – Clovis brings together many French speaking tribes, began modern France under influence of Charlemagne St. Patrick (432) – missionary who converted the Irish St. Augustine (6th century) – missionary who converted the English - 8th – 11th century: formation of modern Europe Charlemagne (768 – 814) o Illiterate but admired knowledgeo Helped unify the area of modern France o In 800 he travelled to Rome and had himself crowned King by the Pope, acknowledged the importance/control of the Papacyo Built a palace for himself with sculptures – got the idea from Rome – was imitating a Roman Emperor o Adopted a title that went on his seal: “Renovatio Romani Emperi” which means rebirth of the Roman Empire o Converted to Christianity o Favorite project: gathered a collection of scholars and had them produce an ‘up-to-date version’ of the bible These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Feudalism – system whereby a local noble/aristocrat owns the land and in return for protection he leases the land out to people, the people had the right to farm but had to give some of it to the landowner  Ottonian Empire (Germany) o Emperor’s last name was Otto o Took the title “Holy Roman Empire” – combining Christianity and the idea of the classic empire  Pilgrimages – many routes across Europe where people would travel to visit and pray in front of a relic of a saint (relics thought to have magical power)o Santiago de Compostela – important pilgrimage destination, believed to be where Jesus was buried  Beginnings of European Cathedrals  First Crusade (1096 – 1099) – captured Jerusalem in 1100 o Crusaders set up states all along the coast o Crac de Chavelierso Brought back Muslim engineers and manuscripts - 12th – 14th century: Medieval Europe Towns – people working in the Feudal system wanted to be free so they fled to towns o Urbanization – became economic centers o They were behind the East so they learned from them  Byzantine Empire invaded and looted by crusaders, manuscripts stolen – people fled to Italy, scholars began to read Greek and had access to manuscripts  Long-distance trade  University of Bologna (1088) – earliest University in Europe  Cathedrals > Universities – schools to teach others theology and train to become priests  ^ Scholasticism – church schools set up to teach others to become priests o Seven Liberal Arts (taught in cathedrals) – grammar, geometry, rhetoric, astronomy, dialectic, arithmetic, music  Italy and the Proto-Renaissance o City-stateso Republics – organized Italy, government elected (wealthy merchants or bankers) o Eastern trade (Byzantine empire) o Classical past – never lost touch with it, had access to Latin manuscripts o Petrarch – influential scholar interested in the past in Greek and Latin historyo 1088 – first University founded and study was not based on church teaching, but rather law, medicine and the humanities (art, music, etc.)o Siena: Lorenzetti’s Effects of Good Government (1339)o Florence: Michelangelo’s David