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UB UGC 111 - Islam

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UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Early Christianity Outline of Current Lecture II. IslamCurrent LectureIslam:- Began in 6th and 7th centuries - 2nd largest world religion - Mohammad, 570 – 632. Aisha, Fatima Founder of Islam  Grew up in Mecca Married at 25  Spent most of his life as a merchant  Went to a cave in a mountain to meditate  ~610 when he was 40, he began to have visions where the angel Gabriel spoke tohim – gave him the word of God and told him that he should pass it on to those around him  Spoke to his family about this, after 3 years spoke to the people of Mecca – response was hostile, people didn’t like that he was trying to introduce a new religion 622 – Mohammad decided to leave Mecca due to this hostility, ended up in Medina Medina: people took him in, founded the first Islamic community  Preached in Medina, converted tribes in and around it, well received  Spent much of the rest of his life in fighting because he wanted to go back to Mecca – gathered an army, took 8 years because he was unsuccessful for a very long time but then conquered Mecca Gave the people of Mecca an ultimatum – convert to Islam or leave Mecca Aisha – first wife, consoled him Consoled by Fatima, his cousin, who was a Christian - Taken to “the Faraway Mosque” where he saw the levels of heaven  Sought to convert other people in surrounding areas  Died in 632, buried in his house in Medina These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Koran Left by Mohammad  Consists of around 80,000 lines in verse, 114 chapters Meant to be recited  Gabriel recited the contents of the Koran to Mohammad who recited it to his secretary who wrote it down – it is the perfect word of God (to Muslims)  Collected and put together by Aisha about 20 years after his death  Acts as the divine guide for behavior for Muslims  Teaches the supreme majesty and omniscience of God Deeply moralistic and demands obedience to God  The word Islam means surrender – surrender to God  Condemns stealing, hypocrisy, murder, exploitation, etc. Describes paradise, hell, angels, Satan, judgment day, etc.  Angels are descended from light, record human actions, place souls into new babies, bring rain, nourish plants, transport the soul to the underworld at death Satan was an angel who disobeyed God, will go to hell upon death but is here to try us against temptation  Judgment day – all people will be judged by God, go to heaven or hell  Killing of women and children and noncombatants is forbidden  Establishes rules for daily life – Five Pillars- Hadith Second volume of religious writings  Oral traditions written down, ~14 volumes  Sayings and actions attributed to Mohammad Not sacred but still respected Some sayings accepted by certain parts of Islam, some are not- Mecca, Medina, Hijira, Hadj, Ka’aba, Jihad, Sunnah  Mecca – minority group of Jews and Christians  Medina – where Mohammad founded the first Islamic community  Hijira – Mohammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina  Jihad – means struggle, 4 categories in the Koran: - Personal self-control - Speech - Actions - Military events  Hadj – pilgrimage to Mecca Ka’aba – central shrine of Mecca - must be visited on the pilgrimage Sunnah - central core of beliefs, agreed-upon body of law - Main sect of Islam is ‘suny’ meaning they follow the Sunnah- Five Pillars There is no God but God and Mohammad is his prophet Pray five times a day- Men must pray at a Mosque on Fridays  Almsgiving – should give 2.5% per year to charity Fasting during Ramadan – one month out of the year - Eating, drinking, smoking, and sex forbidden from sunrise to sunset - Exceptions for children, if you are traveling, sick, or pregnant women Pilgrimage to Mecca (at least once in your life if you are able


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