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UB UGC 111 - New World

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UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Africa videoOutline of Current LectureII. New WorldCurrent LectureNew World: - First people in the western hemisphere were indigenous (came from Asia) – came over from Bering Sea, other people found in South America dating very early  Hunter-gatherers, then farmers Produced different crops due to different climate  Lived on legumes – corn and potatoes, tomatoes (corn brought back to Europe)  Did not rely much on meat – cattle, sheep, etc. Did not have alloys, no hard metals, only copper – used obsidian to make blades and tools, flint for cutting - Pre-Clovis, ca 40,000 BC. Clovis, 14000 BC.- North America - Mound builders (first groups of people, built mounds as cemeteries): Serpent mound, 1070 – about 1200 feet long, nothing found inside of it which is unusual considering they were usually used for burial – looks like a snake with something in its mouth – could possibly have been a response to Hailey’s Comet - Cahokia, 1050 – 1300 AD – largest group  Like a city, in Missouri just outside of modern day St. Louis  About 40,000 people – largest city north of Mexico  One large mound over 100 feet high – part of a series of mounds (up to 150 or 160) surrounded by a fence, large playing field in the middle, used to be a building on the mound  Circle of 48 posts with a central post in the middle – used as a sundial to keep track of time  Mounds were used as burial grounds, one mound contained 800 arrowheads and20,000 beads – symbol of being a very important person, shows stratification These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- South west contained many small villages in the Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah area > in the 9th century there was a population boom, believed that there was a large change in climate such as rain - Choco Canyon – contained 9 major settlements in its large valley Pueblo Bonito, 860 – 1130 ADo Largest of the 9 major settlements o Population of ~4,000 peopleo Had “apartments” which were 4 to 5 stories high with walls 3 to 4 feet thick, and a circular area (Kiva) used as a meeting area for the family – Kiva used for educational purposes, making food, etc. – floors made of pine which came from far away o Had some kind of leadero Traded objects as far as the Pacific coast, Mexico, and the mound builderso Center contained one large Kiva built underground – meeting place for the community, could be where they made government decisions o Had a road system that was recently discovered – north south road system, suggests that it could’ve been a religious or ceremonial center- Mesa (beaut) was a natural rock-like mound – found slabs on top that had fallen slightly with inscriptions on them, they were a calendar to keep track of the seasons (focused onthe equinoxes) - Anasazi, Mexico – modern day people from Pueblo Bonito  2 parts of their year – summer and winter Believed that the dead go to the underworld but then reappear through natural holes in the earth’s surface at the crucial transition between summer and winter – the dead brought rain and animals and such which made the crops grow, every year they perform a dance to celebrate this event  Kachina – spirit of the dead – people reappearing and bring rain and animals for the crops  Society is made up of families in clans Based their activities throughout the year on the summer and winter, some clan groups belonged to winter and some to summer  City was separated down the middle – could be to symbolize the separation between the seasons - ~ 1100 – cities deserted, moved into canyons and places which can defend them - Teotihuacan, 100 BC – 700 AD Right next to Mexico City  Owed its prosperity to trade Had neighborhoods and each had their own production  Population 250,000 “Street of the Dead” – large north south road, Pyramid of the Moon at the end, right through the center of the town  People of Mexico still go there to celebrate the summer solstice  Pyramid of the Sun – 5 terraces because the history of mankind is in 5 stages (according to Popul Vuh), was built over a natural cave which contained fire, bones, and shells – marks the spot where the world was created  Popul Vuh – creation myth of the Maya 2 gods – Feathered Serpent – gives good things to mankind, Crocodile God of Rain – brings good things through rain; there was shrine to these gods  Literate – they wrote but we cannot read their writing – shows that they are not Mayan though they were in contact (we can read Mayan writing)- Maya, 300 – 900 AD  Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador area  Series of rival kingdoms constantly fighting  Tropical area, good for farming  At the center of each kingdom was a large court complex, urban center, with pyramids, tombs, palaces, etc.  Tikal (popular) with a large tomb, had a ball playing area (like in Popul Vuh)  Writing was called ‘glyphs’ which we can read 80% of today  Mayan codex – filled with stories telling about the creation myth and their history  Mayan calendar – extremely accurate, had a place system that moved vertically instead of left to right like ours – cared about keeping track of the stars and the planet because it was related to the gods - Hernan Cortes, 1519 – Spanish conquistador, arrived in western hemisphere and converted local population to


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UB UGC 111 - New World

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