UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Hellenistic Age Outline of Current Lecture II. RomeCurrent LectureRome:- Forum, Arch of Titus, Column of Trajan, Pantheon, Hadrian, Baths of Caracella, Circus Maximus, Coliseum Republic – society (Plebs, Patrician), Struggle of the Orders, government(Senate, Consuls, Assembly)Senatus Populusque RomanusLegacy of RomeLanguageLaw (ius civile, ius gentium, Justinian Law Code, habeas corpus)Empire: government and archaeology- Two classes - o Patricians: wealthy class, held all but one position in governmento Plebians: lower classo Population of over 1,000,000 people- Government – three branches: o Senate (made up of aristocracy) – gave advice to govt concerning foreign relations, foreign policy, etc.o Consuls (2, army commanders) – administrated state financial matterso Assembly (made up of 2 parts – bicameral: upper part was aristocracy, lower partwas the people) - make laws, elected magistrates - Romulus & Remus – raised by a wolf - Republic → Augustus gained control of powero Kept old republican form of government but controlled powero Rise of the Roman Empire o Emperor – one person with all power - Based in agriculture, admired order and efficiency, very practical - 27 BC – Augustus took power, Rome’s power spread across the Mediterranean These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Legacy of Rome: o Language – Latino Empire, government – produced a period of ~300 years of peace and prosperity when people were protected, law, order, and tolerance How? 47 provinces that reported to Rome – once an area was under control by Rome, they appointed a governor who cared about taxes, public order, and serious crimes – everything else was left to the people. This type of government was called federalism.  Exceptions: Judea – for religious reasons, Jews rejected Roman rule. o Law – ius civile, their idea of law: law comes from the people  Concerned individual rights under certain circumstances An individual would be seen in court before a judge and a jury to present his case (ordinary situations) and the judge would issue a ruling – these rulings were collected and generated into the laws. This meant laws were more flexible and fit the circumstances of daily life. - 130 AD – ius gentium – universal law for all citizens in the Roman Empire o By the 3rd century, all people fell under this law and would be treated equally o By the 6th century, the law was codified into volumes - the Justinian Law Code (basis of laws all over Europe today)  The burden of proof rests on the plaintiff – today: innocent until proven guilty No one should suffer for their beliefs – today: separation of church and state No one may be forcibly removed from their home without legal preceding– today: no law official has the right to put you in jail without justifying it legally  Age and life experience of a person found guilty should be considered before sentencing – today: juvenile vs. adult law court - Roman Empire still exists, many monuments still standing - Aqueducts very important to Rome - Forum – civic center – triangular space, legal center of the city - Arches – built to commemorate events in Roman historyo Arch of Titus – shows a scene from 70 AD – Roman soldiers returning from siege of Jerusalem with war spoils - Column of Trajan – over 200 figures, showing 2 of his campaigns – showed why Roman army was so successful - Circus Maximus – could hold 250,000 spectators, made for chariot races - Coliseum – modern day amphitheater – meant for gladiators - Emperors commissioned monumentso Ex. Forum of Trajan – consisted of central aisle and two small aisles, basis of mostChristian churches todayo Ex. Public baths – consisted of gardens, race tracks, libraries, shops, and bath, prototype of a