UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. EgyptII. Egyptian social structureIII. PharaohsIV. PyramidsV. Egyptian beliefs of the afterlifeOutline of Current Lecture VI. Egyptian beliefs of the afterlife (cont.)VII. Ancient IsraelCurrent LectureEgyptian Beliefs of the Afterlife (cont.):- Book of the Dead – description on how to get to the underworld and what to do when you get there- Feather – stood for social justiceo Used for final judgment, a person’s soul was weighed against a feather and if it was lighter than the feather, they had a good and honorable lifeAncient Israel:Patriarchal Era (? – 1250 BC)GenesisExodus from Egypt (1250 – 1050 BC)Exodus, Numbers, Leviticus, Deuteronomy Monarchy Period (1050 – 587 BC)Babylonian Exile (587 – 539 BC) Ezekiel, Isaiah, AmosReturn (539 BC – 135 AD)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Job, Daniel, Esther, EcclesiastesDiaspora (135 – 1948 AD)TalmudPatriarchal Era (?-1250 BC):- Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph- From Ur, moved to Haran, then to Canaan- Joseph was the head – pharaoh - Joseph died, new pharaoh came in o New pharaoh forced people to do labor, became slavesExodus – Judges (1250 – 1050 BC):- Moses, Mt. Sinai, Joshua, Jericho, Philistines, Canaan- If the pharaoh did not let the people free, God would send down many plagues- The pharaoh would not change his mind so He sent the plagues- God sent an Angel of Death to kill the first born of every family - God told the Hebrews to sacrifice a lamb and eat it – all of the first born people died except the Hebrewso Still a tradition today – Passover - Moses took the people and left Egypt and crossed the Red Sea- Moses parted the Red Sea- Pharaoh changed his mind, told Moses to put his hand down- He listened and put his hand down, the Red Sea came back - Hebrews went to Mt. Sinai and spent a generation with Moses as their leader, all the while trying to survive- Many miracles took placeo Ex. The people were thirsty and dying and Moses hit a dry cliff with his staff and water came out – he saved the people- Ascended to Mt. Sinai, God gave Moses the 10 Commandments - Moses died, Joshua succeeded him → went to Canaan- Joshua destroyed the walls of Jericho and took the town- Settled in Canaan (not on coast because the Philistines were settled there)- Philistines became the natural enemies of the Israelites (Hebrews)- Felt under military pressure so they elected a military leader – Saul- Saul was scared of Goliath (Philistine)- His son, David, offered to take over and fight Goliath - David became the next king of Israel – he led the Golden Age of Ancient Israel - He organized a central army, chose a capital (Jerusalem) - David was on the roof of his house one day and saw a woman in a bath, he liked her so he arranged to have her husband (a soldier) sent to the front line to be killed - Nathan (prophet) rebuked David publicly for this- David was succeeded by Solomon (his son) - Solomon built the first temple, built stables for his cavalry- Allowed Israelites to assimilate (borrow culture), allowed worship of 2 foreign Gods – Baal and Asherah- Split – Kingdom of Judah and Kingdom of Israel o Both lost their economies, forced to pay tribute to Assyrian government, thoughtto be caused by the worship of other gods - Fall of the Assyrian empire Babylonian Exile (587 – 539 BC):- Conquered Jerusalem and took captives- King CyrusReturn (539 – 135 AD):- King Herod’s temple, 40 BC Sanhedrin - Annexed into Roman Empire, 4 BC- Masada, 66 – 73 AD- Titus razes Jerusalem, 70 AD- Emperor Hadrian outlaws worship, 135 AD- Diaspora 135 – 1948 - Harod built second temple in Jerusalem - Israel becomes Judea - Jesus rose up against authoritieso Roman response was to execute prisoners (by means of crucifixion)o Unsuccessful – siege of Jerusalem - Roman troops return to Rome “successful”- Jews went to Masada and built a fortified town, in conflict with Roman authorities- Romans bust into Masada, Jews committed mass suicide to avoid being killed by them- Uprisings continued until Hadrian had enough and exiled Jews from Israel, no worship was allowed- Jews set up their own place to live, built synagogues (for worship)o Needed someone to interpret the laws – Rabbi was created- Hillel (a Rabbi) was approached by a Roman soldier and asked what a law is – he replied with “Do unto others as you want done to yourself” – beginning of writing the TorahDiaspora (135 – 1948):- Rabbi, synagogues- Torah, Talmud, Hillel, Messiah (savior of