UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. GreeceOutline of Current Lecture II. AthensCurrent LectureThe City-State (Polis) of Athens:- Agora- Acropolis - Demos, democracy- Ekklesia, assembly- Boule, council- Archons - Aropagos- Theater of Dionysus- Parthenon - Pericles’ Funeral Speech- Area controlled by Athens organized by ‘deme’ (193 of them)- 508 – 332 BC Athens was a direct democracy (earliest known in history, also longest uninterrupted democracy besides USA)- Athens population was as much as 250,000 (mostly in the city) but about 150,000 were citizenso About 50,000 males had the right to vote (women could not vote)- Mayor-type person in each deme kept record of the citizens- To be a citizen and have the right to vote was based on establishment in the deme as well as military service - Downtown Athens – walls surrounding it and it contained Civic Center called Agora in town square (similar to forum in Rome) and a religious center Acropolis - Agora – large open square with many buildings – framed by stoas on two sideso Stoa – similar to a modern day mall – important in the warmer months for relief from the heat, social centerso Painted Stoa – large wooden paintings hung, large columns- Where Socrates met his students These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Royal Stoa – where officers of Athenian democracy took their oath of office- Location of the constitution of Athenian democracy – tells us that democracy is based on literacy o Heulaia – jurors met here- Acropolis – means ‘upper city’ o On a hill, separated from the ground below by a gate – going from a secular area to a sacred one o Assembly met near here – speaker’s podium, anyone may speak, vote by raise of hands – people like St. Paul and Pericles spoke here o Now – gets 6,000,000 visits a year - Democracy was based on the assembly – the gathering of all voting men o Assembly met once a month, voted on laws - Assembly elected generals o By lot, 500 people were elected as the council – Boule- Each deme gave a name and 500 were choseno Boule supervised funding for military, financial administration- When people thought someone was too powerful, they could hold a vote to have the person ostracized – if enough people voted the person would be exiled - Parthenon – built after Trojan waro Became major temple of Athena – patron god of Athens o Sculptures (of battles and contests) in the pediment, metopeso Sculptures around the perimeter of the building show a procession of a festival – shows the citizens of Athens – military, cavalry, etc. (represents them as heroes)- Theater of Dionysus – Greek plays were performed, free of charge to citizenso Plays dealt with (political and religious) social issues (ex. Prometheus – Sophocles)- Erechtheum – religious building, housed various cults o Famous veranda – used statues of women instead of columns – influenced Albright–Knox museum o Copper block missing from ceiling, missing section of the porch – original, never put in – underneath, there were three holes: believed to be where Poseidon’s trident struck the
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