UGC 111 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Silk Road VideoOutline of Current LectureII. AfricaCurrent LectureAfrica: - Sub-Sahara Over 800 languages spoken, many different cultures 20 inches of rain per year, poor farming Civilizations couldn’t grow so tribes separated and new languages created Head of villages (extended family groups) were chiefs Villages eventually became kingdoms Leader was a King, believed to be divine Animistic religion – all things possess living spirits Portraits of kings were made and put in palaces because kings were divine, sources of wisdom After 200 AD, camels were domesticated and Arab traders were coming in from Morocco and Egypt- Kingdoms Ghana, 900 – 1100 ADo Irrigation used – supported large populationo King controlled trade, goldo King formed a court run by Muslim administrators o King, Muslim court, Merchants, Farmers, Slaves Mali, 1200 – 1400 o Continued tradeo Timbuktu – capital, large in population, Islamic superstructure, export of books was important, 150 Koranic schools o Mansa Musa – famous ruler, in 1325 he converted to Islam and made a trip to Mecca while distributing gold on his way - very wealthy o Jenne – Great Mosque, built like an Islamic Mosque but with traditional African architecture (made of mud brick)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Benin, 1170 – 1897o Called the “slave coast” Ethiopia (a.k.a. Aksum)o People converted to Christianity o Lived on trade from Red Sea - Trans-Saharan trade Caused urban growth along Niger River, Arabs wanted exports – gave the King a lot of power Gold mining Export of slaves Introduction of Islam o Ability to write was brought to the kingdoms, became literateo Shariah came – law to govern the kingdomso Knowledge of printing and booksAfrica before Europeans video 1. What has led to European ignorance about African history? - It was a “dark continent,” they saw their many tribes as children or savages. 2. What were the effects of an Islamic presence in sub-Saharan Africa? What did the African kingdoms export to Islamic traders? Import? - It helped the people to become literate, gave them law codes to help govern their people, and introduced the printing of books. The kingdoms exported gold and slaves to the Islamic traders. 3. Name three characteristics of Timbuktu.- A university town- A trading center- Books were the most important in trading4. What was responsible for the destruction of Benin society? - Slave
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