PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I Emotional Development II Moral Development III Emotional and Personality Development IV Peers Outline of Current Lecture I Peers II Schools Current Lecture I Peers Peer status a Popular children frequently nominated for wanting to be friends with Children like them i Two categories popular prosocial kids don t get in trouble good students get along with people and popular antisocial kids may get in trouble but have some sort of trait that people like example low SCS kid good at basketball but kids like him because he is good b Average children average number of positive votes and negative c Neglected children kid doesn t get positive or negative People just don t pay attention to them Theyre quiet uncomfortable with large groups and perfectly content with only having one friend Perfectly adjusted d Rejected children children infrequently nominated as a best friend No one in class wants to be friends with them Actively disliked by peers Target of bullies sometimes overweight weak poor also can include bullies These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute e Controversial children kids who are class clowns Frequently nominated as bestfriend but also frequently not nominated f Sociometeric techniques this is how you find out who is well liked and not Social cognition Thoughts about social matters How we interpret them process them and act i Good social cognition good info processing skills gets ran into during soccer game realizes it s a game and its okay ii Poor social cognition gets ran into during soccer game and thinks they did it on purpose Fight Interprets situation as hostile and wants to get back at the kid g Important for understanding peer relationships h 6 steps in processing social information i Attend to social cues ii Attribute intent iii Generate goals iv Access behavioral scripts from memory v Make decisions vi Enact behavior Bullying national survey 16000 students one in three had been bullied In this study boys are more likely to be bullied vii Girls act out bully relational aggression Way girls bully more passive aggressive a Anxious kids aggressive children are more likely to get picked on 70 80 of kids who are being bullied are in the same classroom so they cant escape i Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful j Boys and younger middle school students are most likely to be affected k Outcomes of bullying i Depression suicidal ideation and attempted suicide Friends defining feature of friendship is trust Friendships become more selective ii Breach in trust can cause friendships to fall apart l Typically characterized by similarity m Serve six functions i Companionship ii Stimulation iii Physical support iv Ego support v Social comparison vi Affection and intimacy II Schools Contemporary approaches to student learning a Constructivist and direct instruction approaches i Constructivist approach Learner centered approach that emphasizes important to appeal to many learning styles ii Importance of individuals actively constructing their own knowledge and understanding Important to have hands on learning opportunities b Direct instruction approach Structured teacher centered approach I m the teacher I tell info and you need to learn it Teacher directs and controls i Characterized by teacher direction and control c Accountability i No Child Left Behind NCLB legislation ii Statewide standardized testing Socioeconomic status ethnicity and culture d Low income ethnic minority students have more difficulties in school lack or resources burnt our teachers young teachers with less experience Schools fault not child s fault e U S students have lower achievement in math and science than a number of other countries especially Asian countries f The education of students from low income backgrounds i Face more barriers to learning ii Most low SES area schools tend to have 1 Lower test scores lower graduation rates and lower collegeattendance rates 2 Young teachers with less experience 3 Fewer resources g Ethnicity in schools i Strategies for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students 1 Turn the class into a jigsaw classroom have people learning about one and other 2 Encourage students to have positive personal contact with diverse other students 3 Reduce bias trying to take out bias in the way you present information 4 Be a competent cultural mediator have children see similarities 5 View the school and community as a team when connected to community it makes them feel more connected