PSYCH 322 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study GuideLecture 10 (Jan 9)STM is stuff you are working on in the current momentThe generation effect- the notion that you will remember things that you, yourself actually generatedLecture 11 (Jan 9)3 ways to exercise STM1) Auditory loop2) Visual3) SemanticHow can we disengage working memory or throw it off? Example: having a song stuck in your head- Play another song that has no words, it’s just instrumental, that you have never heard beforeSTM is by far most often engaged in auditory processing, secondarily engaged in visual processing, and thirdly engaged in semantic processingSound is more interfering in STM then the meaning itself (semantic foil)Lecture 12 (Jan 9)LTM affects our current awareness and abilities when learning new information. When you already have some knowledge of a subject, it’s difficult not to let that interfere with current situationsExplicit (declarative) – something that you can describe and teach, you are able to remember where something happened and you can declare the knowledge of itEpisodic- able to tell a story about a particular event (may or may not be from personal experience), self-knowledge from personal experiencesSemantic- context free, you KNOW it, it is a factImplicit- a memory where you can’t tell when or how you know the informationTYPE DEFINITION EXAMPLEEPISODIC Memory for specific personal experiences, involving mental time travel back in time to achievea feeling of reliving the experienceI remember going to get coffee at Le Buzz yesterday morning and talking with Gil and Mary about their bike tripSEMANTIC Memory for facts There is a Starbucks down the road from Le BuzzAUTOBIOGRAPHICAL People’s memories for experiences from their own lives. These memories have both episodic (relived specific events) and semantic components (facts related to these events)I met Gil and Mary at Le Buzz yesterday morning. We sat at our favorite table near the window, which is often difficult to get in themorning when the coffee shop is busySerial position – read stimulus list, write down all words remembered-Serial position curve- indicates that memory is better for words at the beginning of a list and at the end of the list than for words in the middlei.Memory is better for stimuli presented at the beginning of the list because you have more time to rehearse 1.The more time you have to rehearse, the more likely the information is to enter into LTMii.Memory is better for stimuli presented at the end of the list because the stimuli is still in STM and because of the recency effect1.The information is still temporarily in working memory and being put through a phonological loopLecture 13 (Jan 9)Semanticization of remote memory- the loss of episodic detail for memories of long-ago eventsRemote: it’s longer agoThe longer ago you learn something, the less you remember when or how you learned itIf something is personal, we have more durable memories of itCODE STM LTMVisual- Holding an image in the mind to Visualizing what the LincolnWhen you can visualize a person or place from the past.reproduce a visual pattern that was just seenMemorial in Washington, D.C. looked like when you saw it last summerAuditory-When you “play” a song in your head.Representing the sounds of letters in the mind just after hearing themA song you have heard many times before, repeating over and over in your mindSemantic-Remembering the meaning butnot the exact wording.Placing words in a STM task into categories based on their meaningRecalling the general plot of a novel you read last weekLecture 14 (Jan 9)I. Episodic Memorya. Some benefits of Episodic Memory: it gives you the ability to share information and tell stories about yourselfi. It can become another type of memoryii. It is how you are able to learn from past experiencesiii. It is how you learn from your mistakesiv. It is involved in predicting, planning for future, problem solving and decision makingv. It allows you to imagine hypothetical scenarios and combine certain eventsvi. The ability to learn from the media and avoid craziesII. Familiarity effect: the effect that if you have seen a face before you will give them a higher rating for pleasantness when raking picturesIII. Presence of a weapon: DV- beep horn, IV- presence or absence of a weapona. This was an experiment done to see if people waiting at a green light behind an individual who isn’t paying attention. They found that people are more likely to honk at an individual to grab their attention if there is a weapon present (in this study, a pick-up truck had a rifle in a gun rack on the back of his truck)i. The gun primes your defense mechanismIV. Implicit Memory: memory that unconsciously influences behaviora. Priming: when learned something, you are now ready to respond when a new situation arisesi. Repetition priming effect: the theory that states that you respond faster to items on a list that you have seen beforeii. Ability to take in information outside of your awareness.b. Procedural memory:i. Skill memory: memory for actionsii. No memory of where or when you learned the informationiii. Perform procedures without being consciously aware of how to do themLecture 15 (Jan 9)Demo- 5 groups; each group was given certain instructions for how they were supposed to think of each word as it was shown on the list. Then we were all shown the same list and asked to write down all the words that we remember seeing on the screenGroup 1: does the word contain 5 or more letters?a.This is form of shallow processing. You weren’t asked to pay attention to the meaning of the word, not to elaborate on the word or make sense of it, just too simply count the amount of letters in the word. Group 2: think of a word that rhymesb.This is a form in-between shallow and deep processing. The down side of this is that the word you create that rhymes, may not even be related to the actualword itself and that won’t help you recall the words on the list.Group 3: think of a word that means the same thing (synonym)c.This is a level of deep processing. you are asked to create your own word that is synonymous to the original list item to make it more memorabled.(generation effect)Group 4: create a visual image (the sillier the better)e.This is a level of deep processing; you are using the imagery component of LTM. You generate your own image and are less likely to fail you if you group the words.Group 5: think about whether the word describes