PSYCH 322 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I.DemoII.Group 1III.Group 2IV.Group 3V.Group 4VI.Group 5Outline of Current LectureVII.Factors that aid in encodingVIII.Retrieval IX.Getting info into LTMX.Demo 2XI.Impact of expertiseCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Factors that aid in EncodingCreate ConnectionsActive CreationOrganizationMeaningful FrameworkPresent in Organized wayRecall by GroupsTesting- Retrieval practice (quizzing)- Ex: when professor use iClickers during lectureGenerate- Generation effectImagery Link to self- (S. R. effect)- Retrievalo Context effectso Encoding Specificity- matching what is going on in study time and test time o State-dependent learning - To be a doctor, piolet, tank driver, etc., you have to know the details of thing to recall them at any time in a state of emergency.o Connect groups on the demo with related studies in factor- Getting info into LTMo Levels of processing, form visual images, link words to self, generate information- Demo 2o 16 words will be presented on the page and shown all at one time. We have a small amount of time to read the words and organize them so we can report what words we remember seeing after time is up. (couch, desk, table, chair, pear, apple, banana, grapes, cherry, couch, hat, shirt, pants, socks, gloves)o Retrieval cues: hint  If the way of testing involves cues, you should work to do that thing while you study the words. (ex: compare & contrast)o Practice in testing: makes better awareness of what you need to work on Greater self-awareness Studying for 30 min per day VS. cramming studying all into one sessionI.Demoa.We did a demo in class to show the different gradations in deepness of producing a durable memory trace.b.The class was divided into 5 groups; each group was given certain instructions for how they were supposed to think of each word as it was shown on the list. Then we were all shown the same list and asked to write down all the words that we remember seeing on the screenII. Group 1: does the word contain 5 or more letters?a.This is form of shallow processing. You weren’t asked to pay attention to the meaning of the word, not to elaborate on the word or make sense of it, just too simply count the amount of letters in the word. III. Group 2: think of a word that rhymesa.This is a form in-between shallow and deep processing. The down side of this is that the word you create that rhymes, may not even be related to the actual word itself and that won’t help you recall the words on the list.IV. Group 3: think of a word that means the same thing (synonym)a.This is a level of deep processing. you are asked to create your own word that is synonymous to the original list item to make it more memorableb.(generation effect)V. Group 4: create a visual image (the sillier the better)a.This is a level of deep processing; you are using the imagery component of LTM. You generate your own image and are less likely to fail you if you group the words.VI.Group 5: think about whether the word describes youa.This is a level of deep processing. You are using the self-referencing effect to like the list item to yourself. b.You know yourself and are now asked to connect something new to yourself.c.Evaluate survival value if you were on a deserted island with this ‘thing’i.Evaluation of survival significance (how important is it to me?)- Mass VS distributive practice Imagery: imagine a layout of an apartment Self-reference: compare the clothes on the list to what you are wearing Order: place the things into groups- A routine you follow everyday- Things you will be tested on or that you need to remember in the moment; place those things in order and imagine it in a certain locationo Impact of expertise on learning and memory If you had a dinosaur expert and a non-dinosaur expert given a list of made up dinosaur names that neither of them have heard before, and ask them to remember the names on that list. The dinosaur expert will most likely remembermore because he can group the list because of his prior knowledge of