IE 116 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture Cinnamon and SaffronI. Cinnamon a. True Cinnamon b. Doppelganger c. Cinnamon vs CassiaII. Saffron a. True and Adulterated b. Numbers c. Harvested d. History e. Poppy vs SaffronOutline of Current Lecture I. Historical perspectivesa. Botanophiliab. Victorian Agec. 1800sII. Biologya. 2 types of orchidsb. Tulipsc. Orchidmania or orchideliriumd. ReproductionIII. TulipmaniaCurrent LectureI. Historical perspectivesa. Botanophilia – The craze of collecting flowers- Darwin was particularly fond of orchids in the genus Catasetumo First noted that flowers have sex, which made the book burn worthy.b. Victorian age o A set of values that advocates sexual repression, low tolerance, etc.o During this time, women were going to school.o Flowers were too hot to be a hobby, thus poetry and needlework etc.- Mrs. Almira Lincolno Changed terms to more scientific terms so women could read it.- Orchids should be used carefully because it is too hot and can invoke sexual tendancies.c. 1800s- Growing orchids was a popular hobby but expensive. People would kill, trade, and buy these rare plants.- Instead of going out and exploring, people would stay in their home and pay other people to get it for them. - Made them very valuable, they were rare and desired beyond belief.- A MASSIVE MANMADE EXTENCTION – people would pick the flowers and kill the specific species. II. Biologya. 2 types of orchids- Terrestrial orchidso Normal, roots, flowers, on the ground.- Epiphytic Plantso Not parasitic, but they grow in a nook or a cranny; they have roots, and don’t grow into tree or take anything from the tree, just likes it there.o Orchids and mosses. o Derives moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and surrounding debris.o High up, more light, more protection from herbivores.b. Tulips- Extreme heterozygote- Fuel for the fire- 12+ years to go through several stages- DISEASEo Tulip breaking potyvirus Suppresses anthocyanino Anthocyanin: odorless group of pigments, add red, blue, or purple.o Problem with virus: Creates colorful flowers, it also caused weakening of plant.o Plant would slowly die and become weak, but seeds were fine, BULBS held sickness.o Would increase over successive generations.- Peach/potato aphid is the main vector of the disease.- Is illegal to sell “diseased” tulips.c. Orchidmania or orchidelirium- Largest flowering plant family (25000 + species)- Considered the most highly evolved flowering plant- Native species found on every continent except Antarctica!- Smallest ever found is under 2 grams and largest is over 2 tons.o Smallest orchid was found as an itty bitty see through orchid growing on another orchid- No other flower is the most protected from self-pollination. Always cross pollinated- Grow VERY slowly, 7 years or more to mature.- Long lived – 50+ years in some cases.- $10 billion a year for LEGAL trade.d. Reproduction- Seedso Hundreds of thousands of tiny tiny tiny seeds that carry by the wind and travel.o For the epiphytic species- Very specific sexual reproductiono Must be cross pollinated, if not may kill themselves.o Sometimes need one specific insect to help breed.o SOOOOO SPECIFIC and ingenious.o CoevolutionIII. Tulipmania in Holland 1633-1637- Center of origin in Kazakhstan, to mainly turkey where it was domesticated, moved to Vienna in 1554, then onward.- Why all the fuss?o Mutabilityo Novelty/favored by royaltyo Bubonic Plague Erao Scarcity/Demand Carolus Clusius (Loved his tulips so much he tried to guard and protectthem) Dr. Adriaen Paul (Had ALL of the species. Sold one for 10,000 guilders, when wages were only 300 guilders)- 1635 a shift occurredo Trade in actual bulbso Trade in promissory notes (future