AGRI/IE 116 Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture Coffee I. History a. Discovery II. Biologya. Growthb. Parts of Fruitc. Types and Differencesd. Types of GrowthIII. Pests of CoffeeIV. Health and Coffeea. Less Likely to Haveb. Has Shown Toc. Why?d. Disadvantagese. Fun FactsOutline of Current Lecture TeaI. LegendsII. 3 most popular drinksIII. BiologyIV. Tea Varietiesa. Chinab. AssamV. Center of Originsa. Two centersb. YunnanVI. Healtha. PolyphenolsVII. Cultivationa. Black Teab. Oolongc. Greend. Whitee. Etiquette and important note (Check out Tasteful Tuesdays)Current LectureI. Legends- 1. In ancient China, a tea leaf fell into the emperor’s hot water, and he loved the flavor.- 2. A monk vowed to stay awake, but after many days he fell asleep, and in his horror he ripped off his eyelids. Where they fell, Buddha raised tea leaves so the Monks couldfast and stay awake.II. 3 most popular drinks1. Tea = 90 gallons per year per person in UK2. Coffee 3. BeerIII. BiologyCamellia Sinensis – “Belongs to China”- Evergreen Shrub/Treeo 15-50 feet tall untouchedo Shorter in domesticated- Small white flowerso For dye- Placed in rows, 3 feet apart- Pruned at convenient height- Kept for 50-70 years = creates a lot of heirloom teaso Currently only after 7 years because it gives a younger taste.- Most expensive is done by hand first harvest. (Shin-Cha “Traditional”)o Afterwards can be machines- New growth, hand-picked, called Tea Heart IV. Tea Varitiesa. China Tea (Camellia Sinensis var. sinensis)b. Asaam TeaChina Tea Assam TeaA bush A TreeSmall Leaves (2-4”ish) Long Leaves (10ish”)Better adapted to cool climates Less resistant to cold (Prefers warm)Overall lower yields Higher YieldSavory gentle flavors “superior” Brisk and Malty “Breakfast Blends”First to be cultivated Grown at Sea levelBoth can be used to create all other teas: White, Green, oolong, Black, etc.Center of Origins a. Two centers of origin- Morphological evidence says probablyo Short vs long leaveso Multi vs single stemmed plantso Yield differences- Currently, NO! We think they came from one place but branched off at some point.b. Potentially in Qianjiazhai, Yunnan Province- Near centero Home to the oldest tea tree on Eartho ~2700 years oldo However, Fengqing, Yunnan Province has a ~3200 year old tree.V. Tea and Healtha. Polyphenols – Antioxidant properties (secondary metabolites)o Catechins 25% of the dry weight of a fresh tea leaf. Concentrarion found in UNBROKEN AND UNFERMENTED teas Heating, freezing, causes genital herpetic reliefo Tannins – lost if broken, crushed, etc (Black tea, oolong, etc) Up to 50% of dry weight Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic effects- Shown to inhibit replication of the HIV virus Can be found in fruit skins, beer, chocolate, wine, etc.VI. CultivationSide note: Fermentation- Oxidation = Fermentation- Changes taste of tea- NOT the same as alcoholic process; one will not get drunk.a. Black tea- Withers for 24 hours- Twist or crush tea leaves to rupture cells- Dry (fire) to stop fermentation and remove water- USUALLY Assam teab. Oolong- Between 10 – 70% oxidation- 2 ways rolled- Rolled or Pressed like a ballc. Green tea- Little withering - Leaves are shredded, rolled and immediately heated to stop fermentation- High levels of polyphenols- Grassy- USUALLY and traditionally china tead. White tea- Young immature leaves- No oxidation- Higher catechin levels than any other types of tea.- Shielded from sunlight – prevents amount of tannins- Sweete. When drinking real tea, must look then smell then taste.- Pinglin, Taiwan = largest place with tea obsessionIMPORTANT !! WHITE TEA has higher amount of health benefits HOWEVER according to tradition; green tea is