PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Information Processing II Understanding Phonology and Morphology III Advances in Pragmatics IV Early Childhood Education V Variations in Early Childhood Education VI Early Childhood Education VII The Self VIII Parenting IX Child Maltreatment Outline of Current Lecture I Body Growth and Change II The Brain III Exercise IV Health Illness and Disease V The Scope of Disabilities Current Lecture I Body Growth and Change Growth averages 2 3 inches per year a Girls grow faster average girl is slightly taller than average boy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Weight gain averages 5 7 pounds a year Muscle mass and strength increase as baby fat decreases b Legs and feet grow faster than legs and hands II The Brain Brain volume stabilizes a Very close to its adults size Significant changes in structures and regions occur especially in the prefrontal cortex Part of the brain in control of planning attention and self regulation Most children do better in school Activation of some brain areas increase while others decrease i Normal developmental phenomenon getting B s and D s mixed up III Exercise Higher level of physical activity is linked to a Lower level of metabolic disease risk based on measures i Cholesterol waist circumference puts them at higher risk for hyper tension and insulin levels IV Health Illness and Disease Middle and late childhood is a time of excellent health Disease and death are less prevalent a Many face health problems that harm their development b Some children do face health problems that can effect development like obesity Overweight children Causes of children being overweight i Heredity and environmental contexts eating choices and genetics ii About 1 in 3 middle school students are overweight 30 Consequences of being overweight iii Diabetes hypertension and elevated blood cholesterol levels Intervention programs family based interventions iv Putting child on strict diet is bad Especially with girls eating disorders Cancer Second leading cause of death in children 5 14 years old v Strong healthy metabolism spreads disease faster Most common child cancer is leukemia Children with cancer are surviving longer because of advancements in cancer treatment still has high lethal level V The Scope of Disabilities Learning disability Difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language and the difficulty can appear in listening thinking reading writing and spelling Gap between what child is capable of and how they preform a Dyslexia Severe impairment in the ability to read and spell Can include letter reversal but doesn t have to b Dysgraphia Difficulty in handwriting Where child can read and understand but putting it on paper is very difficult c Dyscalculia Developmental arithmetic disorder Parent with learning disability has a higher likely hood for children to have them too Multiple areas of the brain are involved Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD Characterized by inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity Boys are 3 to 4 times more likely to be diagnosed Number of children diagnosed has increased Possible causes Genetics Brain damage during prenatal or postnatal development Cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development Low birth weight