LIFE 103 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Ecology the most important field of science very brief not on the exam II Transpiration III Stomata IV Movement of sugars I Source II Sink Outline of Current Lecture I Movement of sugars II Pollination III Animals attracted to pollen IV I Bees II Moths and butterflies III Birds IV Flies V Bats Seeds I Cotyledon II Hypocotyl These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute V III Epicotyl IV Seed coat Reproduction I Fragmenting II Self fertilization Current Lecture Resource and Transport II Angiosperm Reproduction Movement of sugars I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Translocation movement of sugars from one part of a plant to another I Sugar source place where sugars are produced II Sugar sink place where sugars are consumed or deposited Transported through phloem I Composed of sieve tube elements that are connected into sieve tubes II Phloem sap the sugary solution that flows through phloem III Trip from mesophyll cell to sieve tubes can be apoplastic or symplastic route IV Water pressure goes up when you add sugar to a cell pushes through the plant s body Fig 36 19 Clicker question if a sugar molecule is in the apoplastic space how does it get back into the symplasm cotransported with H A molecule that is outside the cell membrane CANNOT diffuse across the cell membrane not a lot can diffuse through a cell membrane Transport proteins are the gateways for the sugars Fig 36 21 Fig 35 18 Fig 36 20 Pressure in phloem I II III IV Sugar is pumped from source areas into sieve tubes Sugar rich sieve tubes take on water and pressure increases Phloem sap moves from high pressure to low pressure areas In sink areas sugar is pumped out of sieve tubes Then water leaves and pressure is reduced Angiosperm reproduction I Fig 38 1 a bee trying to have sex with an orchid shows pollination probably because of smell color etc II Flowers allow plants to decide who to have sex with Pollination I I II II Ecologists study interaction of organisms with each other and with their environment The distribution and abundance of organisms Most angiosperms require animals to transfer pollen I Flower structure uniquely altered to attract pollinators deposit pollen on their bodies and receive pollen from their bodies Fig 38 4 I Pollination by wind seen with hazel II Pollination by bees seen with dandelions III Pollination by moths and butterflies seen with yucca Pollination II I II III IV V VI Bees drawn to yellow blue UV colored flowers Moths and butterflies drawn to fragrant white flowers Birds drawn to nectar rich flowers Nectaries sometimes guarded by long floral tube Flies drawn to flowers like dead meat Bats drawn to fragrant white nectar rich flowers Fig 38 4 examples of animals getting pollen Seeds I II Fig 38 8 I Cotyledons leaf embryo II Hypocotyl below the cotyledons III Epicotyl above the cotyledons Fig 38 9 I Describes the process of the seed growing II See a loss of dry mass until real photosynthesis occurs because you lose carbon dioxide it takes energy to rebuild molecules and tissues Reproduction tidbits Some plants reproduce by fragmenting I II Genet clonal colony of genetically identical individuals I Ex aspen trees Ramet individual plant that is part of a genet sprouted from roots of neighbor ramets Self fertilization I II To take advantage of benefits of sexual reproduction plants often have mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of self fertilization I Dioecious species have separate male and female individuals II Anatomy stigma located far from anthers Self incompatibility biochemical mechanism to stop fertilization by self pollen
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