LIFE 103 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture II Organizing the Diversity of Life III Taxonomy I Science of classifying things IV Phylogenetic Trees V Different Ways to Classify VI Changes to Classification VII Horizontal Gene Transfer and its Complications I Movement of genes from one genome to another Outline of Current Lecture Fungi VIII How to Study for this Class IX Where do Fungi get their Energy I Carbon II Grows into food III Plant fungal interactions IV Parasitic V Symbiotic X Anatomy of a Fungi XI Sex XII Diversity Current Lecture II Side note If you are really interested in biology read Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins How to Study for this Class III Lectures cover key course material IV These topics are usually covered in additional detail in the text V Key reading sections are always indicated at the end of these notes VI You should study the extra detail in the book as well VII You should understand and be able to draw and label diagrams shown in lecture VIII You should know and understand terms and processes described in lecture Learn these to the level described in the lecture and class Where do Fungi get their Energy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Heterotroph other feed I Consume organic carbon like animals III Saprophytic rotten plant I Digestive enzymes excreted from surface II Digestible compounds reabsorbed III No stomach grow into their food IV Mycorrhizal fungus plant I Form a relationship with plants V Parasitic I Taking energy from a living host VI Symbiotic I Lichens Anatomy I II III IV V VI Single celled yeast Many are multi cellular Chitin strong flexible cell wall material I Plant cell walls cellulose more rigid Hyphae tiny filaments with very high surface area Mycelium interwoven mass of hyphae like dreadlocks Mycorrhizal association Fig 31 4 pg 650 listed as Haustoria I Funny shape allows for more exchange surfaces Sex I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Fungi can have an unusual sexual cycle Plasmogamy plasma join when cytoplasms of two parents merge but nuclei do not Heterokaryonic different nuclei containing unfused nuclei within a mycelium Karyogamy nuclei join when nuclei from parents join result diploid Clicker question What does it mean to be Dikaryonic Answer two nuclei Asexual and Sexual Reproduction chart Fig 31 5 pg 652 Know what haploid and diploid are Heterokaryotic stage there is no dominance of genes Alleles from both parents are expressed Clicker question Where is mitosis happening in the reproduction chart figure Answer Germination when the cell becomes haploid Diversity of Fungi I Fig 31 UN1 pg 654 Important Groups II III IV Zygomycetes most ecologically diverse group I Fruit rots ferment tempeh pathogens soil II Bread molds Glomeromycetes I Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with plant roots II Acquire phosphorus and nitrogen for plants in exchange for carbon III Fig 31 15 Higher Fungi I Ascomycetes II Basidiomycetes Ascomycetes I a b II III a IV a Ascus Greek askos wineskin Location of nuclear fusion and meiosis form ascospores Ascospores ejected from ascus think puffballs 65 of all described fungi 65 000 species Nutritionally diverse Jet fuel wall paint mycorrhizae in lichens Ex Fig 31 15 Brewer s yeast morels fungal part of lichens Penicillin Basidiomycetes I Basidium little pedestal a Mycelium develops basidium where spores are formed II 34 of described species III Many are critical for decomposing dead organic matter IV Crop pathogens rusts and smuts attack wheat V Ex Fig Fig 31 17
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