PSY 150a1 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Belief-based vs. scientific explanationsIII. What is personality?IV. Personality theoriesa. Psychoanalytic (freud)b. New-freudianc. Learningd. Humanistice. Traitf. BiologicalV. Psychoanalytic perspectivea. 3 levels of awarnessi. consciousii. preconsciousiii. unconsciousVI. 3 systems of personalityVII. freud’s conception of personalityVIII. anxiety IX. defense mechanismsX. stages of psychosexual developmentOutline of Current Lecture I. anal stageII. phallic stagea. case of little hansIII. latency periodIV. genital periodV. carl junga. Conscious egob. Personal unconsciousc. Collective unconsciousd. Anima vs. animusVI. The shadowVII. The personalVIII. The selfIX. Alfred alder X. Freud’s missing piece= siblingsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. oldest vs. middle vs. youngest vs. only childrenXI. Erikson and his psychosocial stagesa. Infancy, early childhood, preschool, school age, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood, old age.XII. HumanisticXIII. Carl Roger’s self theoryXIV. 2 types of personalitysa. congruenceCurrent Lecture- Continuing psychosexual development…- Anal (18-36 months)o Gratification comes from expelling and holding urine and feceso Stage of potty training necessaryo 2 approaches to potty training Rebellion and stubbornness (anal expulsive traits) Anal-retentive traits (serious, uptight, OCD, ect.)- Phallic stage (3 to 6 years)o Oedipal complex (boy)= mom of sexual desire, competitive with dado Castration anxiety (boy)= fear that dad will cut off his penis as retaliation becauseit is the boy’s sense of lust.o Electra complex (girl)= hate mother for no presence of penis, loves fathero Penis envy (girl)- Case of little Hanso Little Hans= phobia of horses, but at the time (late 1800’s) horses were main means of transportationo In relation of phallic stage, displaced negative feelings towards dad to horses- Latency period ( 6 years to puberty)o Relatively calm stageo Experiences broadening, becoming more social- Genital (from puberty on)o Seeks mutual gratificationo Looked at as the “goal” to be reached- Key assumptions of freudo Motives (especially unconscious motives) lead to behavioro Interplay of inner conflicts and resolution lead to personalityo Personality is set by adolescence- Neo-freudianso Carl Jung (1875-1961)o Freud’s “crown prince”o Broad interests Archeology Mythology Religion Astrologyo Analytical psychology- Jung’s components of personalityo Conscious egoo Personal unconsciouso Collective unconscious- Collective unconsciouso We share the ability to see the world in some universally common ways because of our shared history as human beings (i.e. evolution, god)- Anima vs. animuso Animus= male component of the female psyche Independence Aggression Competitiveness adventuresomenesso Anima= female component of the male psych Intuition Tenderness Sentimentality Gregariousness- The shadowo The dark side of human natureo Freud’s id?o The devil; closet monsters- The personalo The social mask we all wear around other peopleo A “false self”o Danger: identifying more with your persona than with your true self- The selfo This archetype guides our search for wholeness and unification among the various elements of our personalityo Achieving balance between introversion (how you feel) and extroversion (how others feel)- Alfred alder- individual psychology (uniqueness of each person)o Inferiority leads to compensatory process (superiority complex vs. inferiority complex)- Freud’s missing piece= SIBLINGSo A= perfectionist, reliable , list makier, organized, serious, scholarlyo B= mediator, compromising, diplomatic, avoids conflict, independent, loyal to peerso C= manipulative, charming, blames others, attention seeker, natural salespersono D= little adult by age 7, high achiever, self-motivated, fearful, high expectations, black and white thinker- Oldest children= leaderso Represent 35% of all children- Middle children: relaxed negotiators- Youngest children=clowns- Only children= perfectionists- Eriksono Psychosocial stages (vs. freud’s psychosexual stages)o Birth through death (vs. freud’s first few years of life)o Infancy= trust or mistrust developed with caregiverso Early childhood(2-3)= autonomy or shame & doubto Preschool(3-5)= initiative or guilto School age (5-11)= industry (reality-based, better grades) or inferiority (fantasy based, worse grades, less likely to agree with socially desirable statements)o Adolescence (12-20)= identity or role confusion (inability to choose major/career,identity with popular heroes/groups) MAJOR LIFE TASKo Young adulthood (mid 20’s)= intimacy or isolationo Adulthood (to 60’s)= generativity or stagnationo Old age= ego integrity or despair - Humanistico Humanism= want us to examine “the bright side” (e.g. spirituality, creativity, and tolerance)- Carl rogers self theoryo The most innate tendency of humans is a drive towards becoming a fully functioning persono Actualizing tendency= urge to expand, extend, develop and mature- Two types of personalitieso Self-actualizing with a positive self-concept: fully functioning persono Not self-actualizing with a negative self-concept= maladjusted person- Congruenceo Open, authentic, communication in which the way I present myself to the world matches what I think and feel at a deeper level. o Combining real self, self concept, and ideal