Psych 150 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. No previous material covered in previous lectureOutline of Current Lecture II. Belief-based vs. scientific explanationsIII. What is personality?IV. Personality theoriesa. Psychoanalytic (freud)b. New-freudianc. Learningd. Humanistice. Traitf. BiologicalV. Psychoanalytic perspectivea. 3 levels of awarnessi. consciousii. preconsciousiii. unconsciousVI. 3 systems of personalityVII. freud’s conception of personalityVIII. anxiety IX. defense mechanismsX. stages of psychosexual developmentCurrent Lecture- Psychology as a scienceo Attempts to describe, predict and explain thought and behavioro Uses the scientific method- Belief-based vs. scientific explanationso Belief-based= trusted source (authority), NO EVIDENCE REQUIRED, disconfirming evidence discarded/ Reinterpreted (i.e. Horoscopes)o Scientific explanations= observable facts, testable predictions, EVIDENCE REQUIRED, answers questions that can be objectively tested.- What is personality?o Individual’s characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling- Groups of personality theoriesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o All of the following differ in human nature: Psychoanalytic (freud)-unconscious Neo-freudian- conscious mind (social relationships) Learning- behavioral and cognitive (rewards and punishments) Humanistic- natural processes (instinct) Trait – characterizing or explaining personality through psychological differences Biological- the way we act and feel is triggered by certain events- Psychoanalytic perspectiveo 3 levels of awareness Conscious (actively thinking) Preconscious (normal memory) Unconscious (one way mental gate)- 3 systems of personalityo ID = pleasure principal (holds primitive instincts and desires)o Ego = reality principal (meets ID’s needs in more socially acceptable way)o Superego = conscience and ideal (strives for moral perfection)- Freud’s conception of personalityo “Glaciar image”o ID entirely submergedo Ego and superego partially submergedo Conscience above water, unconscious submerged- Anxietyo Signals unconscious desire, impulse or trauma is about to emerge into consciousness o Alerts Ego to danger!o Applies defense mechanisms- Defense mechanismso Repression: blocking a wish or desire from conscious expression o Denial: refusing to believe a painful realityo Projection: attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to anothero Reaction formation: expressing an impulse by its oppositeo Regression: returning to an earlier form of expressing an impulseo Displacement: satisfying an impulse with a substitute objecto Mechanisms break down  psychological problems!- Stages of psychosexual developmento Oral (birth to 18 months)o Anal (18-36 months)o Phallic (3 to 6 years)o Latency (6 to pubertyo Genital (puberty on)- The oral stage (0-18 months)o Mouth= source for gratificationo Tasting, feeding, teething, ect.o At end of stage= weaning (less dependency on mother)o Can become overindulged= biting nails, smoking, overeating,