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UA PSY 150A1 - Biology and behavior

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Psych 150 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. The nervous systema. Centra nervous systemb. Peripheral nervous systemII. Cells of the nervous systema. The neuroni. Sensory neuronii. Motor neuroniii. InterneuronIII. Communication between neurons: neural firingIV. Neurotransmittersa. Types of neurotransmittersV. Outline of Current Lecture II. Central nervous system (CNS)a. Spinal cordb. Braini. Brainstem and the cerebellumii. Midbrain (substantia nigra)iii. Forebrain (thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum)III. The dual brainIV. The left brain functionV. The right brain functionVI. Cerebral corex (lobes of the brain)VII. Peripheral nervous system (autonomic and somatic divisions)Current Lecture- Central nervous system (CNS)o CNS structures Spinal cord (knee tap test studying reflex and motor output from the spinal cord,causing the muscle to contract) Brain- Hindbraino Brainstem Pons Reticular formation (light sleeper or heavy sleeper)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Medullao Cerebellum (most affected my alcohol)- Midbraino Substantia nigra (diminished substantia nigra as seen in parkinson’s disease)- Forebraino Thalamus= relay station between sensory information and cerebral cortexo Hypothalamus= controls functions such as hunger, thirst, body temp. (“pleasure center”, sexual behavior. Involved in emotion)o Limbic system Amygdala Hippocampuso Cerebrum Cerebral cortex (grey vs. white matter, cerebral hemispheres/ lateralization of brain function, lobes of the brain) Corpus callosum (split- brain)- The dual braino Research shows lateralization of the brains hemisphere’s In 95% of righties and 62% of lefties, the LEFT HEMISPHERE handles LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS (speaking , reading, writing, speech comprehension)- The Left braino Language functions controlled by left brain regions Damage to Broca’s area prevents patients from producing speech (broca’s aphasia) Damage to wernicke’s area prevents patient speech from making sense (wernicke’s aphasia)o In addition to language, the left brain specializes in math and logic- The right braino Right hemisphere considered more adapt at visual-spatial relations Right-brain damaged patients often face difficulty finding their way around familiar placeso More adept at processing music, metaphors, and emotional qualities of speech- Cerebral cortexo Lobes of the brain Temporal lobes: contain the auditory cortex, werkicke’s area Occipital lobes: contain the visual cortex Parietal lobes: contain the somatosensory cortex Frontal lobes: contain controls for speech production (broca’s area), thinking, planning, reasoning, impulse control, motivation, contains motor complex- Peripheral nervous systemo Autonomic division: Sympathetic system: prepares body for stress or action and triggers fight or flightreactions Parasympathetic system: returns body systems to normal, lowers heart and breathing rates, promotes digestiono Somatic division (voluntary muscle activation)- The magnificent braino Billions of cells and nerve fibers.o Maintains all bodily functionso Keeps track of external worldo Controls muscles and glandso Responds to current needso Creates magic of consciousness and regulates its own


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