Study Guide Psychology 110 011 Exam 4 Professor Crystal McIndoo 1 What are the Big Five personality traits and how was it designed Which are the two biggest of the big five traits How does our personality change as we age Designed by eliminating words that are synonyms and narrowing down them down It was designed by factor analysis clustering similar traits together 1 Neuroticism anxiety stress easily 2 Extraversion enjoying company of others more open 3 Agreeableness compassionate towards others 4 Conscientiousness Self disciplined dutiful 5 Openness to new experiences tendency to enjoy change or intellectual experiences Our personality gets consistent as we age 2 How was the MMPI developed and how is it administered How is deception detected in the MMPI What is the MMPI used for Developed empirically based on evidence rather than theoretically Used to measure clinical conditions such as depression MMPI includes items designed to detect lying like a statement whose answer can be too good to be true 3 Why should psychologists be cautious about interpreting MMPI results for ethnic minorities Different cultures have different lifestyles Different way of thinking 4 Know the different defense mechanisms that Paul Tullis went over in his lecture The different defense mechanisms are Repression ignore it Denial not true not accept it Projection make it belong to someone else Displacement find a safer object Sublimation express it in a socially acceptable way Reaction formation turn into its opposite 5 Who were the theorist Paul Tullis covered in his lecture and how they related to Freud and his theory Carl Jung and Eric Erikson 6 What do projective tests like the Rorschach and TAT allow the person to do It helps the person by encouraging them to state their problems and projecting their personality characteristics onto ambiguous stimuli 7 What the five types of anxiety disorders Be able to apply the information 1 2 3 4 Phobias fear of specific objects or places Panic Disorder attacks of extreme anxiety Stress Disorder anxiety due to life experiences or nightmares Generalizes Anxiety Disorder feelings of sympathetic arousal of at least 6 mths duration 5 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD obsessed with something and compelled to repeat it 8 What are three types of dissociative disorders Be able to apply the information 1 Dissociative amnesia temporary memory loss 2 Dissociative fugue experiences amnesia and travels to another place unknowingly 3 Dissociative Identity Disorder two or more identities occupy the same person 9 What are some examples of somatoform disorders It is when the body expresses stress Paralyzing night blindness unexplainable aches Hypochondrias unexplainable pain complaints Conversion WWII night time blindness 10 What are the differences between feeling depressed and major depressive disorder Major Depressive disorder is for a long time 5 major disorder symptoms and more than 2 weeks 11 What are the differences between Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder Lecture only Bipolar I had manic episodes Bipolar I Manic depressed causes impairement Bipolar II no manic episodes Hypomanic 12 Know in general what schizophrenia is and the problems schizophrenics have What do twin studies suggest about the disorder Schizophrenia is when people behave anxiously have hallucinations It is genetic and runs in the family 13 What are the similarities and differences between the personality disorders Personality Disorders are Paranoid Schizotypal Schizoid Borderline Antisocial 14 What are the four essentials of psychotherapy Systematic interactions Psychological principles Thoughts feelings and behavior Psychological disorder personal growth adjustment problems 15 How has treatment of psychological problems changed through history hint What were the roles of Monasteries and Asylums Monasteries Asylums Mental Hospitals Community health movement 16 Know about psychodynamic therapy and the basic assumptions aims and components Who is the founder Pg 456 Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Therapy Internal unconscious conflicts Catharsis expression of repressed feelings and impulses Things from past and then let them spill out Transference Dream analysis 17 What do humanistic therapies focus on Who is the founder Pg 460 461 Carl Rogers All as human beings free to make choices and we control our own destinies despite the past Unconditional positive regard Empathic understanding genuineness and nondirective Present time 18 Know about behavioral therapy How does systematic desensitization work Pg 464 Treating phobias and make the client make a hierarchy of their fears How does aversive conditioning work Pairing their activities with a negative stimuli Pg 465 19 What does cognitive therapy focus on and aim to change Pg 468 470 Beliefs attitude automatic thoughts we use very active and directive therapy that challenge irrational thoughts and beliefs 20 What are six advantages of group therapy Pg 471 21 Review information on biological treatments How are anti anxiety and antidepressant drugs believed to work Pg 479 480 Benzodyapines valium zenex Panic attacks sleeping and anxiety Depressing the activity of CNS which in turn decreases sympathetic activity Antipsychotic drugs major tranquilizers schizophrenia block dopamine receptors in the brain Antidepressants depression OCD eating disorders Work by increasing the levels or serotonin and noradrenalin ex MAO SSRI benzodiazepines 22 What is the relationship between the perception of physical attractiveness and competence Pg 495 496 More confident if you are more attractive 23 What is a social schemas and why do people depend on social schemas Pg 496 stereotypes people depend on them to save time and energy 24 What are the three crucial dimensions of attitudes Pg 513 1 Strength 2 Ambivalence 3 Accessibility 25 How might classical and operant conditioning work in attitude formation and change Pg 518 comparing an unconditioned stimulus and then making a conditioned stimulus 26 What is cognitive dissonance thought to create Pg 519 520 Inconsistencies among attitudes 27 Know about Asch s experiment What is the relationship between group size and conformity Pg 522 group size gets larger conformity increases 28 Who were the subjects what were the procedures and the results of Milgram s obedience study Pg 523 525 When it is an authority figure 29 What was the Zimbardo experiment What were the results Pg 528 529 Stanford Prison experiment Question on each 30