Chapter 11 Personality So what do most people mean by personality What does psychology mean by personality Theories of Personality Personality before psychology an example Trait Theory Traits i e enduring patterns across contexts Observed traits stem from enduring patterns of internal processes 18 000 words 16 traits 3 to 5 types or overarching traits Get rid of states e g angry euphoric Factor Analysis What correlates E g warmth gregariousness assertiveness What doesn t E g self discipline doesn t correlate with the above three Trait Theory Example Eysenck s 3 Psychological Types Extroversion Introversion sociable and risk taking versus socially inhibited and cautious Neuroticism Emotional stability anxious and moody versus emotionally stable Psychoticism Impulse control antisocial and impulsive versus empathic and in control Another example The Big Five Personality is an OCEAN Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Cognitive Social Theory Behavioral emphasis on learning Cognitive focus on beliefs expectations and information processing in response to RELEVANT situations Assumes humans are essentially rational Assumes humans are self regulating Cognitive Social Theory Cognitive Social Theory Psychodynamic Theories of Personality Sigmund Erikson Loving and aggressive instincts Freud We re to fight and to fornicate just like all the other Civilization leads us to be discontent Clinical foundation Personality as one big symptom Freud Freud We re barely conscious HOW TO DEFEND YOURSELF Freud s Structural Model of Personality Freud s model cont d Freud s Developmental Model Freud s Psychosexual Stages Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Stages Humanistic Theory Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Self actualization we are EACH innately disposed to strive toward positive growth Conditions of worth and unmet needs get in the way The client knows best Some online resources
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