Ch 12 Psychological Disorders What Defines a Psychological Disorder o Unusual o Faulty interpretation of society o Personal Distress o Self defeating o Dangerous Classifying Psychological Disorders o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Observable behaviors List of symptoms Global Assessment of Functioning GAF o Many revisions Prevalence o Affect a wide variety of people o 50 million Americans o Ages 25 to 45 o NIMH 1 in 4 adults 1 in 5 children Anxiety Disorders o Phobias Specific Phobias Excessive fear of objects o Claustrophobia Social Phobia Fear of scrutiny or humiliation Agoraphobia Fear of places where there might be no escape o Panic Disorder Abrupt attack of anxiety Physical symptoms Series of attacks o Generalized Anxiety Disorder Persistent Anxiety Number of stressors Free Floating Physical symptoms Tension Irritability Insomnia Shakiness Sweating o Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessions Recurrent thought Anxiety provoking Cannot control Compulsion Thoughts or behaviors that reduce anxiety Irresistible urge Repeat an act or ritualistic o Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Anxiety due to a traumatic event Helplessness horror or intense fear Re experiencing Hyper Arousal Avoidance o What Causes Anxiety Disorders Learning Theory conditioned Modeled Cognitive Theory Biases in thinking Biological Theory genetic Twin Studies Dissociative Disorders o Sudden temporary change in consciousness or identity o Dissociative Amnesia o Dissociative Fugue o Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Amnesia o Memory loss Explicit episodic memories o Trauma Dissociative Fugue o Loss of memory of past life o Physical flight to new location o Forget identity o Typically short o No memories of events during the fugue o Usually follows stressor Dissociative Identity Disorder o Multiple personalities Can be very different from one another Three Faces of Eve Somatoform Disorders o Physical Complaints o Belief of illness o No medical evidence Conversion Disorder o Loss of functioning o Indifference La belle indifference Hypochondriasis o o Theoretical Views o o Schizophrenia Prevalence o Worst disorder o of the population worldwide o Early onset o Chronic What does Schizophrenia Look Like o Positive Symptoms o Negative Symptoms Stupor Absent or inconsistent emotional responses o Cognitive Symptoms Attention Communication Delusions and Hallucinations o Delusion Delusions o Persecution Delusions o Grandeur Delusions o Reference Hallucinations o o o Types of Schizophrenia o Paranoid Delusions of Think people are out to get them Types of Schizophrenia o Disorganized Disorganized behavior and thoughts Disorganized delusions and hallucinations Very inappropriate emotions Types of Schizophrenia o Motor impairment Waxy flexibility Causes o L Theory o B Theory o Prefrontal cortex o Hereditary o Difficulties at birth o Neurotransmitters D Mood Disorders o Prevalence Most common disorders within any given year 1 in 6 during lifetime 2X more likely in Estrogen Major Depression o Emotional disturbance o o Symptoms Dysthymic Disorder o Chronic o mild depression Diagnosis years in adults year in children Not symptom free for 2 months Bipolar Disorder o Mania o Depression o o Mood swings Prevalence NIMH 5 7 million 2 6 Equally common in men and women of adolescences with recurrent depression develop Completed suicides 10 15 Bipolar I Disorder Manic or mixed episode Impairment Bipolar II Disorder never had manic or mixed or Major depression Not severe enough to cause Causes o Learning Theory o Biological Theory o Lowered Serotonin Personality disorders What are they o patterns of o Impairing o Distressing Paranoid Personality o o Thinking is intact o Mistrustful of others Schizotypal Personality o Peculiarities in thought behavior anxious in social settings prefer to be alone quite eccentric Schizoid Personality o o o Borderline Personality o o Lack of control over impulses o Fear abandonment Antisocial Personality o No feelings of guilt o o Punishments don t work o Lack of attachment to others o Personality Disorder Characteristics Paranoid Suspicious chronically hostile envious Schizotypal tense loners Odd mannerisms appearances and experiences pervasively detached from others Schizoid Isolated from others with a lack of emotional Borderline expression Unstable moods impulsive behaviors angry lack of a coherent sense of self interpersonal Antisocial turmoil Constantly violating rights of others callous manipulative dishonest does not feel guilt