PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Theories of development II Cognitive theories III Behavioral and social cognitive theories IV Ethological theory V Bronfenbrenner s ecological theory Outline of Current Lecture I Methods for collecting data II Research design III Time span of research IV Conducting ethical research Current Lecture I Methods for collecting data Observation observe as it s occurring a Laboratory Controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the real world are removed problem artificial how they act in this environment is different than in real life b Naturalistic observation Studies that involve observing behavior in real world settings problem we can t control what happens in the environment Survey and interview problem they can lie Good thing anonymous they don t cost much simple bigger group and fast easier to collect data These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Standardized test Uniform procedures for administration and scoring ex IQ tests Case study extensive research that is done that uses one person or a few people Used when you want to find a full really detailed observation on someone Problem you can t generalize how this one person or people act with other people Physiological measures methods that measure types of things like heart rate blood pressure sweating when exposed to certain things II Research design Descriptive research research that s designed for us to observe and record behavior There are two different ways 1 Correlational research looking at the relationship between something Correlation coefficient A number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables there s a relationship between how much we study and how well we do on tests Strength of relationship not causation Ranges from 1 00 to 1 00 closer you get to one or the other the stronger the relationship 2 Experimental research can determine causation Experiment One or more of the factors are manipulated while all other factors are held constant Independent thing we manipulate and dependent variables thing that we measure outcome Experimental and control groups used to compare III Time span of research Cross sectional approach study individuals of different ages possibly and compare them at one time We want to know how younger vs older people deal with things Ex trauma Longitudinal approach more complicated but better Same people are studied over a period of time months or years sometimes over many years Look how different groups of people develop Ex Study baby boomers and how they grew up was different from earlier generations Cohort effects due to someone s time of birth or era Something has affected a certain group of people which has nothing to do with age IV Conducting ethical research American Psychological Association s ethics guidelines that address a Informed consent people have the right to know what it is that is being asked of them what their involvement consists of and they have the right to quit without anything bad happening to them b Confidentiality we don t have the right as researchers to violate confidentiality Make individuals numbers don t use names when identifying them in research c Debriefing tell what the research was looking at To make sure people don t walk away upset d Deception