PSY 223 1nd Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Positive moods II Negative moods III Helping in emergencies a Bystander invention model b Classic studies c Other factors Outline of Current Lecture IV Helping behavior continued a Situational factors influencing behavior b Who is more likely to help c Whom do we help d Costs of recipients e Increasing helping and altruism V Affiliation a Factors VI Entering relationships a Flirting Current Lecture 11 10 Situational factors that influence helping behavior Role Models if you have role models that are helpful makes you more helpful o Observational learning in children o Prosocial modeling in adults adults influenced too Can be important because Provide an example of behavior that we imitate They are often rewarded so we learn that helping is valued Makes us more aware of standards and social norms e g norm of responsibility These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Who is more likely to help depends on the situation Is there an altruistic personality Combination of empathy high moral reasoning Parental and family influences May determine helpfulness in genetics Gender differences Men do tend to be more heroic but women more likely to help in social support situation Religion Those who are more religious tend to do some types of helping like long term volunteering but not really more likely to help in emergency situations Whom do we help Attractiveness Similar to others Issues of gender women are helped by both males and females more Deserving others attributions of responsibility if you think they are responsible for their plight then less likely to help ex can I have your notes because I have been in the hospital likely to help but if they say because I was on vacation then less likely to help Close others Costs of help for recipients Distress that comes from not being able to reciprocate Threat to self esteem Over helping can be cruel Increasing helping and altruism Reduce ambiguity increase responsibility in emergency type situations Activating concern for self image Teaching moral inclusion Modeling altruism Attributing helpful behavior to altruistic motives labeling process Learning about altruism Increase a sense of similarity Affiliation We all have a desire to affiliate with people The Need to Belong Human beings have a pervasive drive to form and maintain at least a minimum quantity of lasting positive and significant interpersonal relationships we need to have a balance between being along and having company Affiliation needs Factors Evolutionary past Differences in need to affiliation Stress and anxiety more anxiety wanted to be with others than those with less anxiety Especially if they were going to experience same things as them even if they couldn t communicate Exception when people are faced with an upcoming embarrassing event they don t want to wait with other people Entering Relationships The importance of introductions people commonly meet through friends On line meeting is becoming more common too 3 different types Flirting In study looking at when flirting most common it was most common in a singles bar Types of opening lines Direct opening lines Innocuous Cute flippant