CHEM 1001 Edition 1nd Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Sound Localization II Auditory Pathways III Somatosensory Touch a Sensory Organs and Perception b Somatosensory pathways IV Taste a Sensory organs taste buds b Perception c Olfactory system Outline of Current Lecture I Views of sleep a Restorative b Preservation c Memory Consolidation II Stages of sleep a Identifying stages b Sleep to learn III Dreaming a Freudian approaches b Other hypotheses c Problem solving during dreaming Current Lecture I II Views of Sleep a Conserve and Restore view Restorative Theory i We sleep to conserve energy and to restore aspects of our physiology b Preservation Circadian Rhythm Theory i We sleep to stay safe away from predators c Memory Consolidation View Consolidation Theory i We sleep to build better memories Stages of Sleep a Identifying Stages i Sleep is not uniform how do we identify different stages These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III ii Electroencephalogram EEG brain waves iii EEG different for each stage of sleep no wait b Sleep to learn i Karni et al 1994 does sleep help store consolidate memories ii Subjects performed a difficult learning task detect a visual stimulus in a complex display iii The brain re plays experiences during REM sleep Louie Wilson 2001 iv But 1 REM is not unique to learning 2 Sleep memory link isn t perfect Dreaming a Freudian approaches i The royal road to the unconscious 1 Repressed unconscious wish fulfillment ii Because the unconscious stuff is too painful to face dreams are given a candy coating by an internal censor iii Manifest content the candy coating iv Latent content the nasty stuff v Dream work Dream Protection theory vi Freud s account doesn t have much support b Other Hypotheses i Activation synthesis hypothesis Hobson McCarley 1977 1 Dreams reflect the aroused activated state of the brain during REM sleep rather than unconscious wishes ii Dreaming and the Forebrain 1 Brain damaged patients lose the ability to dream altogether Parietal lobe deep frontal white matter prefrontal cortex some evidence of modality specific losses iii Reliving the events from your day iv Neurocognitive theory 1 Meaningful product of our cognitive capacities i e reflective of development and organized c Problem solving during dreaming i Two interesting points 1 Everyone dreams but you may not remember your dreams 2 Occasionally problems can be solved in your dreams ii DNA double helix iii Descartes new science 1 Descartes claimed that the dreams that he had on November 10 1619 revealed to him the basis of a new philosophy the scientific method iv Frankenstein v Kekule had a dream that suggested the structure of the benzene ring vi Song writing Keith Richards dreamed the guitar riff on I Can t Get No Satisfaction vii Dement 1974 had subjects try to solve problems during sleep 1 Think about solving problem during sleep 2 Work on problem 15 minutes before bed 3 When you wake up write down any dreams then work on problem for 15 minutes 4 Not frequent but problem solving can happen d Lucid dreaming i We choose what happens in our dream