PSY 1001 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Gnostic cell II When we can t see III Perception a Bottom up Top down processing b Perceptual Hypotheses c Motion Perception d Depth Perception IV Audition Hearing a Sensory organ Ear Cochlea b Frequency perception Outline of Current Lecture I Sound Localization II Auditory Pathways III Somatosensory Touch a Sensory Organs and Perception b Somatosensory pathways IV Taste a Sensory organs taste buds b Perception c Olfactory system Current Lecture I II III Sound Localization a Spatial Location i We rely on binaural cues absorbing info in 2 places i e 2 ears to tell us where sounds are coming from ii These cues include differences between the two ears in the timing and intensity of sound waves Auditory Pathways a Info goes from auditory nerve to the opposite side s auditory cortex Somatosensory Touch a Sensory Organs and Perception i Somatosensory system responds to pressure temperature and injury These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV ii We sense these with specialized nerve endings in the skin and with free nerve endings iii Around 500 000 sensory receptors that detect pressure are located in the skin iv Pacinian corpuscle specialized for deep pressure v Meissner s corpuscle specialized for light touch vi Ruffini ending specialized for skin stretching help determine where limb is in space vii Free nerve ending pain receptor b Somatosensory Pathways i Somatic nerves carry info to spinal cord spinal reflexes may be activated connects in brain stem thalamus touch somatosensory cortex and association cortices OR pain somatosensory cortex and limbic areas ii Pain perception affected by experience context and expectation Taste a Sensory organs taste buds i Taste chemicals dissolved in saliva ii 5 elementary tastes 1 Sweet sucrose table sugar 2 Salty salt sodium chloride 3 Sour ascorbic acid vitamin c lemons 4 Bitter mustard dark chocolate 5 Umami savory taste soy sauce balsamic vinegar parmesan cheese 6 Fat calcium Not sure yet iii The FALSE taste map 1 Appears in some books 2 Suggests that tastes better perceived in some areas of the tongue iv Bud split up into different portions which each perceive a specific taste v Serotonin plays a role in eating less serotonin not transducing tastes as well vi How do we get beyond basic tastes Taste does not equal flavor flavor taste smell 1 Our senses of smell and taste enter the brain by different routes but converge in the orbitofrontal cortex vii Supertasters have more preceptors really sensitive to bitter don t like sweet very picky eaters b Perception i It s not all because of the taste buds ii Cultures differ hotter climates more spices colder climates less spices V VI iii Individual histories differ food you prefer partially determined by exposure from your parents c Taste Pathways Olfactory system a Sense of smell b Pheromones i Odorless airborne molecules play a crucial role in the behavior of many animals ii Can have an effect on human attraction to potential mates iii Pheromones play a role in synchronizing menstrual cycles iv Can affect moods v We can smell fear Take home a Taste chemicals dissolved in saliva b Vision photons of light c Audition sound waves compressions of air d Somatosensory pressure temperature pain e Olfaction chemicals in air