PSY 1001 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Cerebral Cortex II Major Lobes of the Cortex a Occipital b Parietal c Temporal d Frontal III Examples of Systems a Basal Ganglia b Limibic System c Cerebral Cortex IV Some Organizing Principles a Localization of function b Plasticity c Mapping V Einstein s Brain VI Cells of the brain a Neurons b Glial cells Outline of Current Lecture I II Neuronal Communication a Anatomy of a neuron b Electrical activity of neurons c Synaptic transmission Chemical transmission at synapse a Glutamate b GABA c Serotonin Current Lecture I Neuronal Communication a Anatomy of a neuron i Soma cell body These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii iii iv v vi Dendrites input Axon output Myelin sheath covers axon insulating material Axon terminal connect with dendrites of other neurons Synapse 1 Info comes down axon and meets up with dendrite 2 Neurotransmitter molecules chemicals transmit across gap 3 Receptors on dendrite accepts chemicals vii Typically thousands of connections viii Overview of neural communication 1 2 components a Electrical due to ions charged molecules b Chemical due to neurotransmitters 2 General sequence electrical chemical electrical etc 3 Staging Dendrite axon dendrite etc b Electrical activity of neurons i Charged molecules 1 Sodium Na 2 Chloride Cl 3 Potassium K 4 Negatively charged proteins A sit inside cell 5 Each has electrical charge its key that ions are distributed properly ii Inside cell negative charge at resting state 70 mV large amount of negative anions inside cells A a lot of K iii outside cell neutral at resting state 0 mV a lot of Na a lot of Cliv Pump in cell membrane exchanges Na and K v Once reached a certain threshold sodium gates will open causes and action potential vi More positive excitation more negative inhibition vii Chemical transmission at the synapse causes graded potentials viii Depolarization makes the neuron MORE likely to fire an action potential inside less negative ix Hyperpolarization makes the neuron LESS likely to fire an action potential inside more negative x Resting potential 70 mV altered by graded potentials coming in to dendrites xi If threshold 50 mV exceeded neuron fires an action potential AP xii Action potential caused by 2 steps 1 Na rushing in rise of AP 2 K rushing out fall of AP xiii An action potential is either present or its not 1 You can t fire of an action potential 2 All or none II c Synaptic transmission i AP causes synaptic vesicles to dump contents into gap synapse between neurons ii Contents are chemicals called neurotransmitters iii Neurotransmitters connect bind to receptors Chemical Transmission at Synapse a Lock and key model binding produces an electrical change b Glutamate i Excitatory neurotransmitter makes next cell more likely to fire an AP ii Involved in learning and memory iii Chinese restaurant syndrome Monosodium glutamate flavor enhancer c GABA i Inhibitory neurotransmitter stop communication ii GABA like receptors may be involved in anxiety disorders 1 Such as panic attacks d Serotonin i Concentrated in hypothalamus and cortex ii Involved in sleep and arousal iii Involved in depression iv LSD effects serotonin system e