PSY 1001 Edition 1nd Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Syllabus Overview Outline of Current Lecture II Foundations of Psychology a Philosophy b Physiology III Father of Psychology a Wilhem Wundt b Structuralism c Introspection IV Other important milestones in history of psychology a James Functionalism b Freud and Psychoanalysis c Behaviorism d The Cognitive Revolution e What s happening now V Important Take home s Current Lecture I II Foundations of Psychology a Psychology rests on two pillars i Philosophy 1 Socrates Aristotle Locke Hume and many others 2 Nature vs nurture philosophical debate that continues in psychology ii Physiology 1 Helmholtz Darwin Muller and many others 2 Neuronal Communication neuronal communication can be measured suggesting mental processes might be measured Father of Psychology a Wilhem Wundt 1832 1920 i University of Leipzig b Best Known for i Establishment of first psychology lab 1879 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III ii His influence on the school of thought known as structuralism 1 Major figures were Wundt and EB Titchener 2 Aimed to identify the most basic elements of psychological experience 3 Analyze complex behavior by breaking the behavior into its component parts iii Introspection 1 Idea is thought to date back to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates Know thyself and The unexamined life is not worth living 2 Introspection is self observation self examination and selfreflection 3 Bias is a crucial problem in the study of introspection This bias is known as introspective illusion Other Important Milestones in the History of Psychology a William James Functionalism i Opposed structuralism ii Proposed functionalism how mental processes work iii Emphasized the continuous flow of consciousness iv Heavily influenced by Charles Darwin v Hoped to understand the adaptive purposes of thought and behavior vi American father of psychology vii Free will vs determinism 1 Determinism the circumstances around you determines your behavior 2 Free will we choose what we do viii Stream of consciousness importance of habit and instinct complex theory of the self theory of emotion inclusion of religious beliefs b Freud s influence the unconscious i Psychoanalysis 1 Major figures were Freud and Jung 2 Focused on internal psychological processes of which we re unaware 3 Focused on honest conscious stream of thought 4 Free association a Give a word see what comes into relation 5 Subconscious and dreams 6 Freudian slip 7 Sexuality a Great deal of what motivates us comes from sexual desires and motivations c Behaviorism IV i Psychology should only study observable behavior ii Hidden mental processes e g consciousness memory and thought should not be studied iii Early behaviorists 1 Ivan Pavlov Noble Prize winner 2 John Watson 3 B F Skinner iv Major figures were Watson and Skinner v Focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking outside the organism vi Scientific Rigor d Reactions to Freud i Leads to cognitive revolution e The cognitive revolution i Psychology can study hidden mental processes such as memory attention stereotypes beliefs etc ii The mind may work like a computer hidden processes iii Major figures were Piaget and Neisser iv Focuses on the mental processes involved in different aspects of thinking v 2 students may reacts to same grade on a test differently 1 Cognitive psychologists would say different reactions stem from different interpretations of what grades mean to them f What is happening now i Neuroscience central nervous system brain ii Intradisciplinary 1 Ex Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience iii Interdisciplinary 1 Sociology business computer science etc iv Women not seen in history because they weren t able to get PhD s but now account for over 50 of psychology majors v Minorities also not seen as much in history Take home a Traditional psychology is a young science b Five main schools of thought Structuralism functionalism psychoanalysis behavior and cognitive IMPORTANT