Lab IntroductionSafety infoLab safetyLab SafetyLab clean upSlide 6Lab ManualLab 3: Intro to microscopesWho cares?What about us?Compound microscopeSlide 12Slide 13Microscope RulesPropertiesHow to use a compound scopeCarefulActivity 1Activity 2Activity 3Field diameter formula (p.32)Activity 4 - depthActivity 5Clean upActivitiesTurn inLab Introduction Lab Introduction Lab safetyLab safetyLab #3 - microscopesLab #3 - microscopesSafety infoSafety infoRead the pampletRead the pampletSign the blue sheetSign the blue sheetUnder 18? Please see me.Under 18? Please see me.Lab safetyLab safetyFirst aid kit at the front First aid kit at the front Fire extinguisher at the backFire extinguisher at the backEye wash at sinkEye wash at sinkShowers in the backShowers in the backLab SafetyLab SafetyNo eating or drinking in labNo eating or drinking in labClean up rule:Clean up rule:–It is your responsibility to clean up It is your responsibility to clean up after yourself and put everything after yourself and put everything back like you found itback like you found itLab clean upLab clean upPut models back, like you found Put models back, like you found themthemPut microscopes backPut microscopes backPut slides back Put slides back in the proper in the proper boxboxLab clean upLab clean upDispose of other items as follows:Dispose of other items as follows:–Paper towels go in the trashPaper towels go in the trash–Broken glass and slide cover slips go in Broken glass and slide cover slips go in “broken glass”“broken glass”–Biological waste goes in red bucketBiological waste goes in red bucket–Empty slides get rinsed, dried, and Empty slides get rinsed, dried, and returned to boxreturned to box–Dissection tools: put in washDissection tools: put in wash–Wipe down your bench area when doneWipe down your bench area when doneLab ManualLab ManualLab assignments will require you to Lab assignments will require you to turn in the “Review Sheet” at the end turn in the “Review Sheet” at the end of each lab exerciseof each lab exerciseThis This mustmust be ripped out of your lab be ripped out of your lab manual, not photocopiedmanual, not photocopiedSometimes you will also be asked to Sometimes you will also be asked to turn in separate drawings or dataturn in separate drawings or dataDue Wed of the week following the labDue Wed of the week following the labLab 3: Lab 3: Intro to Intro to microscopesmicroscopesMicroscopic anatomy:Microscopic anatomy:–CellsCells–TissuesTissuesWho cares?Who cares?Medically, microscopes are used Medically, microscopes are used for for pathologypathology, the study of , the study of disease.disease.–If a disease is suspected, a tissue If a disease is suspected, a tissue sample is taken (biopsy, blood) or a sample is taken (biopsy, blood) or a cell sample (pap test)cell sample (pap test)–Pathologist or technician looks for Pathologist or technician looks for abnormal cells, etc.abnormal cells, etc.What about us?What about us?Scientifically, microscopes are used to Scientifically, microscopes are used to study cells and tissues for all kinds of study cells and tissues for all kinds of reasons (e.g. CSI).reasons (e.g. CSI).Educationally, microscopes are the only Educationally, microscopes are the only way to truly learn about the microscopic way to truly learn about the microscopic organizations of cells and tissues.organizations of cells and tissues.Knowing how to use a microscope is a Knowing how to use a microscope is a great skill to have, no matter what great skill to have, no matter what medical or biology subfield you are medical or biology subfield you are involved in.involved in.Compound microscopeCompound microscopeUses multiple lenses to achieve Uses multiple lenses to achieve larger magnificationlarger magnificationCompound microscopeCompound microscopeKey parts: Key parts: –Eyepieces Eyepieces (ocular (ocular objectives)objectives)–ArmArm–BaseBase–ObjectivesObjectives–Stage (and Stage (and stage clips)stage clips)–Stage controlsStage controls–Coarse and Coarse and Fine focusFine focus–CondenserCondenser–Iris diaphragmIris diaphragm–LightLightMicroscope RulesMicroscope RulesCarry a microscope with two Carry a microscope with two hands, one on arm, one on basehands, one on arm, one on basePut your microscope back in the Put your microscope back in the numbered cubby it came fromnumbered cubby it came fromClean lenses only with special Clean lenses only with special lens paperlens paperStart by using low powers, then Start by using low powers, then go up to higher powersgo up to higher powersPropertiesPropertiesCompound: occulars = 10x, Compound: occulars = 10x, objectives = 4x, 10x, 40x. objectives = 4x, 10x, 40x. Multiply to get total magnificationMultiply to get total magnificationParafocalParafocalInverted opticsInverted opticsField of viewField of viewHow to use a How to use a compound scopecompound scopeStart on lowest power (condenser up)Start on lowest power (condenser up)Load slid into clipLoad slid into clipLook thorough oculars, adjust (one image)Look thorough oculars, adjust (one image)Focus (coarse)Focus (coarse)Find region of interest, go to higher powerFind region of interest, go to higher powerFocus (fine only because it’s parafocal)Focus (fine only because it’s parafocal)**Adjust light level and iris diaphragm as **Adjust light level and iris diaphragm as needed (less light at low power)needed (less light at low power)CarefulCarefulWhen using higher power When using higher power objectives, it is easy to break objectives, it is easy to break slides because the working slides because the working distance is small (lens is close to distance is small (lens is close to slide)slide)Activity 1Activity 1ID scope partsID scope partsActivity 2Activity 2Get a letter e slideGet a letter e slideFollow instructions and fill in table Follow instructions and fill in table on p.30on p.30Total mags = ocular x objectiveTotal mags = ocular x objectiveMeasure working distances w/ rulerMeasure working distances w/ rulerDraw what you see Draw what you see Don’t do the 100x (oil) objectiveDon’t do the 100x (oil) objectiveActivity 3Activity 3Get a grid slide and Get a grid slide and measuremeasure the the field diameter using low power field diameter using low power (4x)