A Tour of the CellPowerPoint PresentationWhy Are Cells So Small?The Two Major Categories of CellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Cell (Plasma) Membrane and Internal MembranesSlide 11Slide 12The Nucleus: Information Storage and Control of the CellRibosomes Make Proteins Using Genetic InstructionsSlide 15The Endoplasmic ReticulumA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementFibroblastsErythrocytesEpithelial cells(d) Cell that fights diseaseNerve cellFat cellSperm(a) Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases(c) Cell that storesnutrients(b) Cells that move organs and body parts(e) Cell that gathers information and control body functions(f) Cell of reproductionSkeletalMusclecellSmoothmuscle cellsMacrophageStructure Dictates Function, Even at the Cellular LevelWhy Are Cells So Small?Cell remain small because they cannot efficiently import nutrients or export waste materials across their membranes when they get too large.The Two Major Categories of Cells•The countless cells on earth fall into two categories:–Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria–Eukaryotic cells, such as protist, fungal, plant, or animal cellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementSecretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneAnatomy of a Eukaryotic (Animal) CellA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementCell (Plasma) Membrane and Internal Membranes•The plasma membrane separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings and regulates molecular trafficAnimal cells have an extracellular matrix outside of their cells that hold them together in tissues and protects and supports them.A Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementFigure 3.2Secretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneFocus on the Nucleus and RibosomesThe Nucleus: Information Storage and Control of the Cell•The nucleus is the library of the cell.•Chromosomes (books) within the nucleus store instruc-tions on how to run the cellRibosomes Make Proteins Using Genetic InstructionsCopy of instructionsfrom the nucleusA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementThe Endoplasmic Reticulum•A protein synthesis site for exported proteins on the rough ER; acts as a “worktable” for ribosomes•A routing system for delivery of proteins (subway system)•A lipid synthesis factory in the smooth ER, including phospholipids for cell membrane• Variations of endoplasmic reticulum include sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscles cells (to store Ca+2) and Nissl bodies (rough ER) in