LEARNING OBJECTIVESKEY WORDSEXPERIMENTSLEARNING OBJECTIVESKEY WORDSMuscles of the Head and Neck: Thorax and RibsForearmEXPERIMENTSLEARNING OBJECTIVESKEY WORDSLab #14 Microscopic Anatomy of Muscle BIOL&241 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the structure of skeletal muscle from the microscopic to gross anatomy. 2. Describe the role of neuromuscular junctions and their structure. 3. Identify the three types of muscle through diagrams, models or microscope slides. 4. Understand the criteria in naming skeletal muscles KEY WORDS myofibrils myofilaments actin myosin sarcomeres I band Z line A band endomysium perimysium fascicle epimysium deep fascia tendons aponeuroses synaptic cleft neurotransmitter neuromuscular junction agonist antagonist synergists fixators EXPERIMENTS Do the section on Organization of Skeletal Muscle Cells into Muscles, The Neuromuscular Junction, and Classification of Skeletal Muscles. Compare and contrast the three types of muscle: smooth, cardiac and skeletal through diagrams, charts and microscope slides. Hints: Draw each type of muscle, observe as many examples as possible (look at slides of others around you). Use shape and tissue structure as clues to identification, not the color of the stains. Lab #15 Skeletal Muscle LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Learn the names and origins & instertions of the head and neck muscles. 2. Learn the names and origins & instertions of the trunk, shoulder, and abdominal muscles. 3. Learn the names and origins & instertions of the arm muscles. 4. Learn the names and origins & instertions of the leg muscles. 5. Develop an understanding of opposing muscle groups and the necessity to balance the fitness of muscles around a joint. 6. Identify on a model or diagram each of the muscles listed below. KEY WORDS Muscles of the Head and Neck: Thorax and Ribs occipitofrontalis (epicranius) diaphragm external intercostals orbicularis oculi internal intercostals orbicularis oris zygomaticus major Abdominal Region buccinator rectus abdominis temporalis external oblique masseter internal oblique sternocleidomastoid transverse abdominis2 Lab #15 Skeletal Muscle continued Back, Shoulder and Chest Hip and Thigh trapezius iliopsoas: iliacus & psoas levator scapulae gluteus med., max., min rhomboid major/minor piriformis serratus anterior tensor fascia lata pectoralis major/minor gracilis deltoid quadriceps femoris: latissimus dorsi rectus femoris vastus intermedius supraspinatus vastus medius vastus lateralis infraspinatus sartorius teres major hamstrings: teres minor semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris Upper Arm Lower Leg biceps brachii tibialis anterior brachialis gastrocnemius triceps brachii soleus brachioradialis fibularis (peroneus) longus extensor digitorum Forearm flexor carpi radialis Pelvis flexor carpi ulnaris pelvic diaphragm: extensor carpi radialis: longus and brevus levator ani extensor carpi ulnaris coccygeus extensor digitorum palmaris longus pronator teres EXPERIMENTS Do all of exercise 15: using the models and diagrams, identify the muscles listed above. Use a skeleton and tape or string to place the muscles in the proper locations. Locate the muscles on your own body and identify them. Study questions: 1. Are marathon runners born or achieved/made during life? Are sprinters born or achieved/made during life? Explain your answer with scientific information concerning muscles, their function and the effects of training. 2. Are muscles the only factor in determining athletic greatness? Can we do a muscle biopsy at an early age and determine those who are destined to be great athletes? What other factors may or may not be involved. 3. Which types of muscles are able to produce more force and why: parallel or pinnate muscles? 4. Can a muscle that is the same cross sectional area generate more force if the length is increased? What if length remains the same and the cross sectional area increases? What accounts for these occurrences, if they do in fact occur? (1) For the HEAD and NECK : develop an acronym for the names of the muscles. (2) For the TRUNK, SHOULDER AND ABDOMEN : develop an acronym OR SOME OTHER WAY TO REMEMBER THEM for the names of the muscles. (3) For the ARM : develop an acronym OR SILLY POEM for the names of the muscles. (4) For the LEG : develop an acronym OR LEWD COUPLET for the names of the muscles.3 Lab 16B Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Computer Simulation LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Define the terms maximal stimulus, treppe, wave summation, multiple motor unit summation, and tetanus 2. Describe the different manner stimulation can alter muscle force of contraction. 3. Explain how smooth slow sustained contractions are possible in skeletal muscles. 4. Graphically understand relationships between passive, active and total forces. 5. Describe isometric and isotonic, including length and force transitions. 6. Explain experimental results in terms of muscle structure. KEY WORDS multiple stimulus treppe wave summation tetanus isotonic contraction isometric contraction Study questions: 1. Why is treppe important in understanding muscle function? 2. Is tetanus a disease? 3. Look at questions from Isometric