A Tour of the CellProteins and Lipids Leave the ER Enroute to the GolgiPowerPoint PresentationThe Golgi ApparatusSlide 5Focus on LysosomesLysosomesSlide 8Slide 9Focus on Vacuoles and PerioxisomesSlide 11MitochondriaSlide 13Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, MicrofilamentsCytoskeleton Made of Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and MicrotubulesSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19A Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementProteins and Lipids Leave the ER Enroute to the GolgiSecretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneFigure 4.11Proteins Are Transported in Vesicles to the GolgiThe Golgi Apparatus•The Golgi apparatus–Refines, stores, and distributes the chemical products of cells.–Acts like a finishing and shipping station (UPS or FedEx) in the cellA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementFocus on LysosomesSecretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneLysosomes•A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac containing digestive enzymes–The enzymes break down macromolecules and ingested debris within vacuoles–Serves as the “Greeting and Garbage Service” of the cellLysosome FormationFigure 3.20Plasmamem-braneSecretion byexocytosisVesicle becomeslysosomeGolgiapparatus Rough ERERmembranePhagosomeProteins incisternaPathway B:Vesicle membraneto be incorporatedinto plasmamembranePathway A:Vesicle contentsdestined for exocytosisExtracellular fluidSecretoryvesiclePathway C:Lysosome containing acid hydrolaseenzymesProteins and Lipids Move Through the Endomembrane System3 Fates: A. Exocytosis (export) B. Becomes part of membrane C. Becomes a lysosomeA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles & Peroxisomes- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementFocus on Vacuoles and PerioxisomesSecretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementMitochondria•Mitochondria are energy conversion factories•Food energy is converted into usable cellular energy (ATP) through cellular respirationCell Respiration:Food energy + oxygen gasCarbon dioxide + water + ATPA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell MovementCytoskeleton: Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, MicrofilamentsSecretion beingreleased from cellby exocytosisPeroxisomeRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleusNuclear envelopeChromatinGolgi apparatusNucleolusSmooth endoplasmicreticulum CytosolLysosomeMitochondrionCentriolesCentrosomematrixCytoskeletalelements• Microtubule• Intermediate filamentsPlasmamembraneCytoskeleton Made of Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and MicrotubulesMuscle contractsusing actin protein (and myosin)Cells divide in half with the pinching action of microfilamentsOrganelle towingCell-cell junctionsA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell Movemento Cell JunctionsCell Junctions: Tight, Desmosomes, and GapGap junctions: Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next for intercellular communication.Desmosomes: Anchoring junctions bind adjacent cells together and help form an internal tension-reducing network of fibers.Tight junctions: Impermeable junctions prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space.Testing Diagrams of CellsA Tour of the Cell A Tour of the Cell - Categories of Cells- Features of Prokaryotic Cells- Features of Eukaryotic Cellso Membrane Structureo Nucleus and Ribosomeso Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)o Golgi Apparatuso Lysosomeso Vacuoles- Energy Converting Organelleso Chloroplastso Mitochondria- Cytoskeleton o Cell Shapeo Cell