Let’s Talk Bone Anatomy Next: Divisions of the SkeletonPowerPoint PresentationSlide 3The Skull: External View, Right SideSkull: Bones of the Face and ForeheadSlide 6Skull, Inferior ViewSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Paranasal SinusesThe Hyoid BoneBone Growth, Repair, and Axial SkeletonSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Axial Skeleton: Vertebral ColumnSlide 20Slide 21The Bony ThoraxSlide 23The Skeletal System: Bones and Axial SkeletonCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Let’s Talk Bone Anatomy Next: Divisions of the Skeleton•Two main subdivisions, by location•Axial skeleton (brown)•Appendicular skeleton (yellow)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.1aSkullThoracic cage(ribs andsternum)(a) Anterior viewFacial bonesCraniumSacrumVertebralcolumnClavicleScapulaSternumRibHumerusVertebraRadiusUlnaCarpalsPhalangesMetacarpalsFemurPatellaTibiaFibulaTarsalsMetatarsalsPhalangesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.2aBones of cranium (cranial vault)LambdoidsutureFacialbonesSquamoussuture(a) Cranial and facial divisions of the skullCoronalsutureCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.The Skull: External View, Right SideCoronal sutureFrontal boneSphenoid bone(greater wing)Ethmoid boneLacrimal boneLacrimal fossaNasal boneZygomaticbone MaxillaAlveolarmargins MandibleMental foramenParietal boneLambdoidsutureSquamoussutureOccipitalboneOccipitomastoidsutureExternal acousticmeatusMastoid processStyloid processMandibular condyleMandibular notchMandibular ramusMandibular angleCoronoid processZygomaticprocessTemporal boneCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Skull: Bones of the Face and ForeheadMental foramenCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.4bLambdoidsutureOccipital boneSuperior nuchal lineExternaloccipitalprotuberanceSuturalboneOccipitomastoidsuture(b) Posterior viewOccipitalcondyleExternaloccipitalcrestInferiornuchallineMastoidprocessParietalbone Sagittal suture Skull: Posterior ViewCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Skull, Inferior ViewCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Hypophyseal fossa(sella turcica)Middle cranialfossaTemporal bone(petrous part)Posteriorcranial fossaParietal boneOccipital boneForamen magnumFrontal boneOlfactory foraminaOptic canalForamen rotundumForamen ovaleForamen spinosumJugular foramenHypoglossal canalForamen lacerumInternal acousticmeatus Cribriform plateEthmoidboneCrista galli SphenoidAnterior cranial fossaLesser wingGreater wingViewSuperior View of Skull With Calvaria RemovedCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.GreaterwingHypophysealfossa ofsella turcicaForamenovaleSuperiororbital fissureOptic canalLesser wingThe Butterfly Bone and Cock’s Comb: The Sphenoid & EthmoidEthmoid boneCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.VomerCrista galliCribriformplateEthmoidboneFrontalsinus Nasal boneSeptal cartilageAlveolar marginof maxillaPerpendicularplate of ethmoid boneSella turcicaSphenoid sinusPalatinebone Palatine processof maxillaNasal cavity with septum in place, Left Interior View HardpalateCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.11aCoronoidprocessMandibular foramenMentalforamenMandibularangleRamusofmandibleMandibularcondyleMandibular notchMandibular fossaof temporal boneBody of mandibleAlveolarmargin(a) Mandible, right lateral viewTemporomandibularjointCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Paranasal SinusesFrontalsinus Ethmoidalair cells(sinus)Maxillarysinus Sphenoidsinus FrontalsinusEthmoidalair cells MaxillarysinusSphenoidsinus (a) Anterior aspect(b) Medial aspectCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.The Hyoid Bone•The only bone that does not articulate with another bone•Serves as a moveable base for the tongue•Connects via muscles to the styloid process and tongueFigure 5.12Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Bone Growth, Repair, and Axial Skeleton•Appositional Growth and Bone Remodeling•Normal Calcium Deposition and Removal•Conditions That Stimulate Bone Remodeling•Types of Bone Fractures•Stages of Bone Healing•Hormone Imbalances and Bone Density Problems•Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton•Axial Skeleton: The Skull•Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and the SpineCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Cervical curvature (concave)7 vertebrae, C1–C7Thoracic curvature(convex)12 vertebrae,T1–T12Lumbar curvature(concave)5 vertebrae, L1–L5Sacral curvature(convex)5 fused vertebrae sacrumCoccyx4 fused vertebraeAnterior view Right lateral viewSpinousprocessTransverseprocessesIntervertebraldiscsIntervertebralforamenC1The Vertebral ColumnCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.18PosteriorAnteriorSuperiorarticularprocessandfacetTransverseprocessSpinousprocessVertebralarchVertebralforamenBody(centrum)Structure of a Typical VertebraeCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.17aIntervertebraldiscSectioned bodyof vertebraTransverse processSectionedspinous processInferior articular process Median section of three vertebrae, illustrating the composition of the discs and the ligamentsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.•Appositional Growth and Bone Remodeling•Normal Calcium Deposition and Removal•Conditions That Stimulate Bone Remodeling•Types of Bone Fractures•Stages of Bone Healing•Hormone Imbalances and Bone Density Problems•Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton•Axial Skeleton: The Skull•Axial Skeleton: VertebraeBone Growth, Repair, and Axial SkeletonCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Axial Skeleton: Vertebral ColumnCervical Vertebrae: C1-C2Atlas and axis combined, superior viewSuperior and lateral view of C3-C7Cervical Vertebrae: C3-C7Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Axial Skeleton: Vertebral ColumnThoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column•Sacrum and CoccyxFive fused vertebraeMedian sacral crest/posterior3-5 fused vertebraeCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.The Bony ThoraxCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 7.23aTransverse costal facet(for tubercle of rib)Superior costal facet(for head of rib) Head of ribTubercle of ribNeck of ribSternumAngleof ribCross-sectionof ribCostal cartilage(a) Vertebral and sternal articulations of atypical true ribCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.The Skeletal System: Bones and Axial Skeleton•Overview •Bone Functions•Classification of Bones•Long Bone Structure•Bone Formation,Growth•Bone Fractures•The Skull•The Vertebral