Muscles of the Torso and LimbsTypes of Muscles (By Function)Naming Conventions of Skeletal MusclesHead and Neck MusclesSlide 5Slide 6Trunk MusclesDeep Trunk and Arm MusclesSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Muscles of the Lower LegSlide 19Slide 20Muscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk MusclesMuscles of the Upper ArmMuscles of the Lower Arm and HandMuscles of the Hip and Upper LegMuscles of Lower Leg and FootTypes of Muscles (By Function)Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movementAntagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime moverSynergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotationThe biceps and triceps are antagonistsNaming Conventions of Skeletal MusclesDirection of muscle fibers•Example: rectus (straight)Relative size of the muscle•Example: maximus (largest)Location of the muscle•Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis)Number of origins•Example: triceps (three heads)Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion•Example: sterno (on the sternum)Shape of the muscle•Example: deltoid (triangular)Action of the muscle•Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)Head and Neck MusclesDepressor labii inferiorisFrontal belly (o:gal apo, i: skin eyebrws, nose)Occipital belly(o:occ & temprl, i: gal apon)Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)Levator labii superiorisZygomaticus majorCorrugator supercilii Anterior bellyPosterior bellyDigastricSplenius capitus(o:manub stern, med clav, i: mast proc temprl)(o:zyg arch & bone, i: ramus mand)Orbicularis oculi (o:frntl, max bones, i: tissue eyeld)(Galea aponeurotica)Figure 10.10aExternalIntercostal(o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below )(a)InternalIntercostal(o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv )Inspiration musclesExpiration musclesFigure 10.13aClavicleSerratus anteriorHumerusSternum(a)Scapula-rotating,arm raising muscleTrunk MusclesFigure 6.16Anterior views of trunkPectoralis minorInternal (o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv ) and external(o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below ) intercostalsDiaphragm(o:pub crst & symph, i: xiph proc stern & cost carts )Pectoralis major (o:stern end clav, stern, cost cart, i: grtr tubcle hum & intrtub sulc)Deep Trunk and Arm MusclesPosterior views of trunkLevator scapulaeRhomboid majorInfraspinatusTeresmajor(o:lmbr vert,ilc crst, i: intertub sulc hum )(o:lat clav, acrom & spine scap, I: delt tuber hum )Supraspinatus (o:supsp foss scap, i: grtr tubcle hum )SpleniuscapitusFigure 10.14aClavicleDeltoidSternumPectoralis majorLateral headLong headMedial headTriceps brachii:(o:post shaft humerus, lat border by glen cav scap, i: olecranon process)Biceps brachii (o:cor proc scap, top glen foss, intertub sulc hum; I: radial tub hum)BrachialisBrachioradialis(a) Anterior viewFigure 10.14bSupraspinatus*Spine of scapula(b) Posterior viewDeltoid (cut)Greater tubercleof humerusInfraspinatus*Teres majorTriceps brachii:Latissimus dorsiHumerusOlecranon processof ulna Lateral head Long headFigure 10.15aBiceps brachiiTendon of biceps brachiiBrachioradialisFlexor pollicis longusMedial head oftriceps brachiiMedial epicondyleof humerusFlexor carpi radialis(o:medl epicond hum; I: base 2nd,3rd metcpls)Flexor carpi ulnarisFlexor digitorumsuperficialis(a)Figure 10.16aInsertion oftriceps brachiiFlexor carpiulnaris Extensor carpiulnarisTendons of extensor carpiradialis brevis and longus (a)Extensor pollicislongusExtensor digitorumExtensor carpiradialis brevis(o:lat epicon hum; I: base 3rd metacpl)BrachioradialisTendons of extensordigitorumMuscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk MusclesMuscles of the Upper ArmMuscles of the Lower Arm and HandMuscles of the Hip and Upper LegMuscles of Lower Leg and FootFigure 10.19aIliac crest12th ribAnterior superior iliac spineSartorius(o:ant sup ilc spine; i: med. prox. tibia)Quadriceps femoris(o:ant & lat thigh; i: patella & tib tuber.)• Rectus femoris(o:ant inf ilc spine & sup acetab; I: pat & tib tuber) • Vastus lateralis(o:greater trocantr fmr; I: patella & tib tuber)• Vastus medialis(o:intertroch line fmr; I: patella & tib tuber(a)PatellaPatellar ligamentTendon of quadriceps femoris12th thoracic vertebra5th lumbar vertebraAdductor longusGracilisPsoas majorIlliacusIlliopsoasFigure 10.20aGluteus mediusGluteus maximus(o:dors illm, sacrm,coxcy, i: gluteal tuber fmr & tibia))GracilisLong headSemitendinosusSemimembranosusShort headBicepsfemorisHamstrings(a)Figure 10.20aGluteus mediusGluteus maximusGracilisLong headSemitendinosusSemimembranosusShort headBicepsfemorisHamstrings(a)Figure 10.21aGastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)TibiaTibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longusSoleusExtensor hallucis longusFibularis tertius(a)Fibularis longusMuscles of the Lower Leg(o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)Figure 10.22aPatellaHead of fibulaGastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)SoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longusTibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longusFlexor hallucis longus(o:mid shaft fibula; i: under foot to dist phalx toe)Lateral malleolus5th metatarsalExtensor hallucis brevis(a)Muscles of the Torso and Limbs Naming Conventions Head and Neck Muscles Trunk MusclesMuscles of the Upper ArmMuscles of the Lower Arm and HandMuscles of the Hip and Upper LegMuscles of Lower Leg and