POLS 2401 Edition 1Outline of Previous LectureThe United Nations and Its CriticsI. UN Operations and WorkUN Peacekeeping Operations (PKO), Peacebuilding after Conflicts, Humanitarian and Development WorkII. Areas of CriticismThe Security Council UN PerformanceIII. Reform attempts, mixed results and problemsSteps towards reformOther issues/problems: financial crisis at the UNOutline of Current LectureDeafeating Terrorism LectureI. What is terrorismA. Terrorist groupsB. State TerrorismC. US Designated State Sponsors of Terrorism-Cuba-Iran-Sudan-SyriaII. Various Sources of TerrorismA. How to fight TerrorismDefeating Terrorism What is terrorism?● Terrorism = covert attacks launched by individual or groups, often on innocent citizens● Uncertainty of timing● Often done by organized groups● Done by individuals● Goals of terrorist are to instill fear● Getting their word or beliefs out● controlTerrorist groups● Al Qaeda● Known by 9/11; used to promote political and ideological goals● The Shining Path (Peru)● Aum Shinrikyo (Japan) ; responsible of killing 12 from toxic gas● Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain) terrorist bombings● Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Colombia) waging war against Colombian government● State Terrorism”● terrorist attacks carried out by covert units of an established government or by private individuals or groups financed and perhaps given weapons by such a government.● Ex. North Korea● US Designated State Sponsors of Terrorism● Designated by the secretary of state● Ban on exports on any arms that are used for attacks● Subjected to financial restrictions● Cuba:○ ETA, FARC● Iran:○ Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ), in the past: Kurdistan Workers’ Party( PKK)○ Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps – Qods Force● Sudan○ Hamas, in the past: Hezobollah, PIJ, ANO, PKK● Syria○ Hezobollah, in the past: PLFP, PIC, Hamas, PKK○ Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and north Korea removed under the bushadministration.○ These are groups that have had asylum found in their nations ● Various Sources of Terrorism● Political goals○ Desires to take over the government● Economic Factors and the Link between Poverty and Terrorism○ Terrorist groups often reach out to the poor● Culture Clash and Religion○ Examples: Marxist, Buddhism, Muslim (radical versions of religions) How to fight terrorism?● Military means (force)(own troops or supplying help for allies): war, military aid, drones○ Recent successes at dismantling Al-Qaeda’s leadership but terrorism has shifted now to a more local level● Intelligence activities● Border control and “homeland” security● Diplomacy and multilateral efforts● Economic aid (help and boost economy)● Cultural dialogue and