BIOL 101 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Can Water Kill You a Case Studies II Energy and Enzymes a Functions of Enzymes Outline of Current Lecture Cellular Respiration I II The Oxidation Reduction Reaction Glycolysis III Pyruvate Oxidation IV Citric Acid Cycle V Oxidative Phosphorylation Current Lecture I The oxidation reduction reaction A Hydrogen atoms contain one 1 proton and one 1 electron B oxidation is the loss of electrons whereas reduction is a gain of electrons C Why do oxidation and reduction always go together When you give away electrons another molecule has to pick them up electrons are transferred between molecules D C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O ATP These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 In cellular respiration glucose loses hydrogen atoms Therefore it is oxidized 2 In cellular respiration oxygen gains hydrogen atoms Therefore it is reduced II Glycolysis occurs out in the cytoplasm A Input Glucose which is broken down into two pyruvate molecules 6 C molecule NAD and ADP Note 2 ATP are required early in glycolysis to split glucose B Output 2 pyruvate molecules 3 C molecule ATP 2 molecules per glucose NADH the hydrogen atom came from the glucose III Pyruvate Oxidation occurs in the mitochondria A Input 2 pyruvate molecules and NAD it is reduced to NADH B Output NADH one carbon atom leaves in the form of CO2 and acetyl coenzyme A is formed from the pyruvate NO ATP IS PRODUCED IV Citric Acid Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria A Input actetyl coA and ADP and NAD and FAD which are small organic molecules or coenzymes Theyre reduced to NADH and FADH B Output NADH FADH we get 2 molecules of ATP CO2 is released HOW MANY ATP HAVE BEEN PRODUCED SO FAR 4 V Oxidative phosphorylation where we make a lot of ATP C Input ADP NADH FADH oxygen D Output A lot of ATP water NAD and FAD What is the function of pumping all the protons into the intermediate membrane You get a high concentration of protons that causes a flow to the other side which when they flow through the ATP synthase they produce ATP
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