PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I II III Careers Areas of specialization Scientific method Outline of Current Lecture Continuation of Chapter 2 I Hypothesis vs Theory II Types of research Current Lecture I II III Theory A general well established explanation supported by a hypothesis Hypothesis a specific testable prediction about what you think will happen in your study Types of research a Descriptive research focus on describing some phenomenon i Methods 1 Observations must be systematic 2 Surveys interviews examine a wide range of topics and get data from large groups of people interviews can be more personal 3 Case studies documentation of a unique case typically performed by a clinical psychologist a Kim Peek servant crazy good memory 4 Likrt scale scale of 1 7 b Correlational research focus on determining a relationship between 2 variables i Purpose is to examine whether or how 2 variables change together ii Does NOT equal causation iii Correlation coefficient scale 0 1 1 perfect relationship iv Positive negative correlation 1 Scatterplots v Third variable problem confound variable variable that interferes with the relationship of 2 or more variables being studied vi Why use it These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 To predict what might happen and use it to study things that might be inhumane to study otherwise vii Longitudinal study special kind of systematic observation which involves certain measures of variables of interest over time 1 Determines potential causal relationships 2 Provides correlational data 3 Differs from cross sectional design 4 Most famous Nun study by David Snowdon a Nuns wrote autobiographies every year from age 18 to death b Analyzed annually for how many positive words were used to describe their days c Determined that the more positive words there were the longer they lived c Experimental research used to determine whether a causal relationship exists between variables through experimental methods i Random assignment ii Independent variable manipulated by experimenter 1 Confederate IV used when analyzing social behavior iii Dependent variable result that may change as a result of manipulation of independent variable iv Experimental group participants in an experiment who are exposed to the change v Control group as much like the experimental group as possible and treated the same except they are not exposed to the change vi Quasi experimental design 1 Does NOT randomly assign 2 Doesn t provide strong causal conclusion
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