HIST 2620 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I The Red Scare II Jazz Age III Prosperity IV Rise of Advertising Marketing V Changing Attitudes VI Celebrating Business Civilization VII Prohibition Outline of Current Lecture I Democrats Republicans II Warren G Harding III Foreign Policy IV Scandals V Calvin Coolidge VI Supreme Court VII Coolidge Foreign Policy Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I Democrats Republicans Woodrow Wilson not able to run so democrats left without real leadership Going into the election of 1920 is weakened by very powerful factional battles within the party Progressives battled more conservatives Also a battle between democratic political bosses fought with southern and western rural leaders Partly a result of these battles they are going to loose three elections in 1920 There are particular businessmen that supply funds to the republican policy that have a lot to say about their policies They begin to be manned by the old guard conservatives Going in to the election of 1920 going to mean that democrats are going to be in a point of weakness A unified powerful message is not available II Warren G Harding Democrats take 44 battles to decide on Gov James M Cox of Ohio they push that the United States should join the League of Nations The Republicans choose Sen Warren G Harding of Ohio The big problem for the republicans was finding someone acceptable to the more conservative factions of the Republican Party Republicans see this win of election 1920 as a call to NOT do something As far as campaign itself is concerned they have a front porch campaign Dealt with the League issue evasively Domestic policies Republicans are not going to announce any domestic policies to put into place Harding is going to be remembered even today for doing one thing He is going to give to us a new word during the campaign he argues that Republicans are going to return the United State to Normalcy This is a malapropism on is part and became a popular term Harding told the American people what they wanted to hear at this point and democrats in 1920 VP nominee was a young man served in WWI as assistant secretary of the Navy FDR s first political entry Republicans see the result of this election as a mandate to NOT do something They take it that the people had rejected the League of Nations In retrospect fairly easy to see why Warren G Harding was chosen Very social easygoing and gregarious Also very politically pliable and didn t hold on to any strong principles The republicans could get him to go with what they wanted and he wasn t the most knowledgeable about domestic and foreign issues Taft has believed there was some progressivism while Harding believed that reform was at an end The progressive Era is completely skipped and gone back to McKinley s era with respect to progressivism Republicans are going to argue that we need less government less presidential powers and comes down on the heads of the U S military This will be detrimental to interests They are pro business in their outlook wanted higher tariffs and lower taxes A level of inactivity in regulatory agencies In the direction of what Woodrow Wilson argued with New Nationalism plan III Foreign Policy AS far as foreign policy is concerned the Harding administration works together to take Republican Party away from world involvement Senator Bora from Idaho not allowing U S to get sucked into war so go back to traditional policy of staying away from everything U S would enter into a separate peace in Germany US did not join the League of Nations which is odd since it was an American Idea o Most Important foreign policy achievement was the international conference of naval 12 Nov 1921 22 Washington Naval Conference give a bit about the background The United States in 1916 passed naval acts that would create a navy second to none including the Royal Navy It was determined by Sieges that the Royal Navy was almost brought down by U Boats So they built antisubmarines and battleships to help They then decided they would pick this idea of the Navy second to none but the British couldn t afford the navy or to lose the best navy so they enter into a naval arms race with the Unites States Republicans understand that to unilaterally abandon race is bad so Senator Bora says they should bring together the major naval relations of the world and talk about decreasing armaments Charles Evan Hughes summoned and presided over international conference Included British Italian French etc to reason together to determine how to limit the buildup of naval armaments In the initial session Hughes shocked the delegates and went beyond what they needed to do by offering a detailed treaty on the table this begins negotiations Ultimately there will be 3 most significant agreements o 5 power agreement signed on the 6th of February 1922 The U S Great Britain Japan France Italy British were relieved to a certain extent the Japanese had tremendous difference of opinion when even wanting to sign Kaigun imperial Japanese Navy difference in onion if the best would come from either building a navy as large as possible regardless of treaties or sign the treaty to attain a level of equality Members of both factions go to Washington but the HEAD of the factions agrees to only 3 5 of that of the U S Cant build more capital ships for 10 years guns bigger than 8 inches so battleships and battle cruisers This stops an increase in the number but major naval nations had ships being built at the time and lots of ships already in their inventory All based on tonnage of ships Need to scale back navies as they existed decide that for every 5 capital ships that the U S will be allowed to have the British will be allowed 5 Japanese 3 some Japanese not going to accept this but leader of delegation uses his authority to sign off on it They don t understand why the American and the British sign off on this The US and UK have worldwide interests and they didn t need as large of a navy when the Japanese were mainly pacific interests French and Italy both at 1 7 5 ships to American ships The French hate that they are inferior to the newly recognized world power US There was also an agreement that the nations would not fortify their pacific possessions Britain exception for Singapore U S exception for Hawaii and Japan exceptions to their