PSYC 410 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction of Behavior TheoryII. Fundamentals of ConditioningIII. Pavlov Conditioning/ TheoryIV. Introduction to Instrumental ConditioningOutline of Current Lecture I. What are some of the Behavioral Theories Issues?II. The Nature of Learning vs. The Causes of LearningIII. Introduction to HULL’S MECHANISTIC THEORYIV. Introduction to TOLMAN’S PURPOSIVE-COGNITIVE THEORYV. Battling TheoriesCurrent LectureIC: Method- E. L. Thorndike’s Research Programo Critique of Anecdotal Methodo Experimental Method: TClassical Findings- Experimental Method: The Puzzle Box- Basic Phenomenon: Trial & Error Learning- Theory: The Law of EffectBehavioral Theories IssuesBasic Theoretical Issues- The Nature of Learningo Two Kinds of Learning or One?o Gradual or One-trial Learning?o What is LearnedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The Causes of Learningo Contiguity or Contingency?o Is Reward Necessary?o What is the Role of Consciousness?BEHAVIOR THEORY THE GOLDEN AGE OF THEORYGENERAL PROCESS LEARNING THEORYHULL’S MECHANISTIC THEORY- CLARK L. HULL’S MECHANISTIC BEHAVIORISMo MATHEMATICS AND MECHANISM: HULL AS NEWTONo HULL’S FORMAL THEORIZING- EXAMPLE: THE CENTRAL BEHAVIOR POSTULATE (HULL, 1943)- POSITIONS ON THE ISSUESo THE NATURE OF LEARNING HOW MANY KINDS OF LEARNING? ONE HOW DOES LEARNING PROCEED? CONTINUITY WHAT IS LEARNED? S-R CONNECTIONSo THE CAUSES OF LEARNINGo ROLE OF REWARD: IT’S REQUIREDo ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS: NONETOLMAN’S BEHAVIORISM- E. C. TOLMAN’S PURPOSIVE/COGNITIVE BEHAVIORISMo MOLAR VS. MOLECULAR THEORYo ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS PURPOSE COGNITIONTOLMAN’S PURPOSIVE-COGNITIVE THEORY- POSITIONS ON THE ISSUESo THE NATURE OF LEARNING HOW MANY KINDS OF LEARNING? MANY HOW DOES LEARNING PROCEED? CONTINUITY OR INSIGHT WHAT IS LEARNED? COGNITIVE MAPS ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS: UNCLEAR- POSITIONS ON THE ISSUESo THE CAUSES OF LEARNING CONTIGUITY VS. CONTINGENCY: UNCLEAR ROLE OF REWARD: NOT NECESSARY- ANTICIPATES CONCEPT OF INFORMATION ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS: UNCLEARBATTLING THEORIES- THE “WHAT IS LEARNED?” CONTROVERSY- RELATIVE IMPORTANCE AND