PSYC 410 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II. You Don’t Know Your Mind as Well as you ThinkIII. Effort After Meaning: Consciousness and Memory are ConstructionsIV. The Brain is a Prediction MachineV. What is the Mind?VI. Problems with KnowledgeVII. Appearance and Reality: ResponsesVIII. Empiricist Information ProcessingIX. What is the object of knowledge?X. The Scientific RevolutionXI. Introduction to Rene DescartesXII. Introduction to EmpiricismOutline of Current Lecture XIII. Modern EmpiricismXIV.Introduction to David HumeXV. Introduction to Thomas Reid and Realism XVI. Introduction to Kant and IdealismXVII. Problems for Cartesian DualismXVIII. ADAPTATION (Evolution and Cognition)XIX. The Information Processing Picture of Mind and CognitionXX.Current LectureModern EmpiricismThe mind is like a factory.David Hume (1711-1776)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Consciousness is associatively assembled out of meaningless sensations- The Lego theory version of the Way of Ideaso Problem with the Lego Theory: SkepticismRethinking the Knowledge Question- Third Answer to the Knowledge Question, Realism. Common sense says, “Your senses don’t deceive you .....Trust Them Scottish Realism (Thomas Reid 1710-1796)- Object perceived as it really is because perception is direct and unmediated acquaintance with the world- Experience, Cognition, and Knowledge are one: There is no separation of sensation and perception, hence no information processing. Maybe there is no such thing as psychology.Rethinking the Knowledge Question- Idealism 2.0, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: Consciousness is constructed by innate anduniversal unconscious mental processes.Kant’s Nativist Idealism: Unconscious Mind Constructs Reality (Immanuel Kant 1724–1804)I. Unknowable noumenal object Transcendental EgoII. Knowable, because conceptually structured, Phenomenal Idea of the sake setIII. Key psychological contrast with empiricism: There’s no immaculate sensation.IV. However, unconscious information processing can’t be scientifically studied: Psychology’s not a science.Contemporary Idealism- Reality is a mental constructiono Unconscious InferenceProblems for Cartesian DualismI. The Problem of SubjectivityII. The Problem of InteractionIII. The Problem of the HomunculusIV. The Problem of Other MindsV. A way to solve three of these perplexities: There is no soul (La Mettrie, 1748), and maybe no psychelogos.ADAPTATION (Evolution and Cognition)Is knowledge adaptive?- The Philosopher’s Assumption: The job of a mind is to arrive at True beliefs, and rationality is defined as using experience and logic to find and hold true beliefs.- But cognitive science has shown that the mind is a kluge, makes many errors, sees what it expects to see (WYSIATI), uses short-cuts (heuristics) rather than logic, and is subject to powerful biases.- Nevertheless, we’re here after 100,000 years- Perhaps we can’t handle the truth -- epistemic failure is not a bug, but a feature of the evolved human mindExample Fear of SnakesIs fear of snakes rational? It’s- Innate and Reflexive- Unconscious- Nonlogical- Emotional (Reach out with your feelings, Luke.)But it’s adaptiveMind Design The Architecture of CognitionTwo Mental Agents The Division of Mental LaborThe Information Processing Picture of Mind and Cognition- The Concepts of Information and Information Processing- Two Mental Systems (Haidt, 2005)- The Elephant (System 1) - The Rider (System 2)System 1 (UCS Elephant)I. Automatic, FastII. Associative MemoryIII. Involuntary AttentionIV. No sense of agencyV. Innate, mammalianVI. Constantly Building World Model (WYSIATI); no off switchSystem 2 (CS Rider)I. Effortful, Disruptable II. DeliberationIII. Voluntary AttentionIV. SelfV. Human, installedVI. Called on when model fails; can follow explicit rules; lazyA Paradigmatic System I FunctionExample: Mental SubstitutionTarget Question- How much to give to save an endangered species? - How happy are you with your life?- Will this man win political office?Heuristic Question- How bad do I feel thinking about dying dolphins?- What is my mood right now?- Does this man look like a