PSYC 410 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Continuation of the Mind as Symbol System II. Introduction to Formal System ReasoningIII. The Cartesian Concept of Mind, 2.0 (SSH)SSH 2.1 Modularity Outline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to a Neural NetworkII. What is Connectionism?III. Symbol System HypothesisIV. Cartesian Concept of Mind, 2.0Current LectureMD: Connectionism- Origins of Connectionismo Perceptronso Cognitive Computing IBM SyNAPSE Project Brain-based Chip Neural Softwareo Critique of the symbol system hypothesis: Implementation mattersConnectionist Mind Design- Serial vs. Parallel processing- Central vs. Distributed ProcessingConnectionist Mind Design- Replacing Representations and Logico Neural “Nets”o Models of neuron assemblies that can’t yet be studied directlyThe SSH and XismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Conscious & Intuitive processors (Smolensky)- Rule governed vs. rule following behaviorLanguage as RuleGoverned Behavior- There are two governing rules here.o One is a rule of grammar: Add /s/ to make a plural. (May be or have been rulefollowing.)o Another is a rule of sound: Voiced /s/ follows voiced stop; unvoiced /s/ follows unvoiced stop. (Probably never rulefollowing.)The SSH and Xism- Conscious & Intuitive processors (Smolensky)o Rule governed vs. rule following behavioro Are the processors the same?- The Issue of Levels of Explanation (Marr’s Levels)o Is Connectionism a rival to the symbol-system hypothesis or its implementation?Summary: The Modified, Xist Cartesian Concept of Mind, 2.1- Computationalism: System Two’s rule-following symbolic computations are implementedin System One’s non-symbolic rule-governed computing of the strengths of connections between “neural” units; - Neurocentrism: Cognitive processes occur only in the mind/brain- Bodily Indifference much blurredo Some computers may be like uso Separability thesis probably rejectedEmbodied CognitionCritique of Cartesian Concept of Mind, 2.0 (SSH) and 2.1 (Xism)- Against Computationalism: Representations not key - to cognition, hence no need for formal rules- Against Neurocentrism: There’s no central place - where cognition occurs- Against Bodily Indifferenceo Cognition is shaped by the organism’s bodily formo Separability thesis therefore is falseThe Design Challenge- Watt invents the steam engineo Converts heat into usable motion via a steam-driven piston- Adaptive Problem: Maintaining constant pressure in - the boiler so as too not blow up the boilero keep the mechanical output usably