1GEOG 4712 Political GeographyLecture 4: Critical Geopolitics, the German Caseoutline1) Critical redux2) Ideological contests3) Geopolitical maps4) Haushoferʼs world5) Other Mitteleuropeans6) Iron curtains2discourses + imaginationsGeopolitical Code: operating code of governmentʼs foreign policy thatevaluates places beyond its bordersGeopolitical World order: more or less stable set of intʼl power relationsdominated by agenda set by major powers (e.g. the Cold War)Geopolitical Culture: dominant ideology of a society; can be multipleGeopolitical Imaginations: Boundary drawing practices between inside/outside;them/us; self/foreign; other5 Key Questions in Critical Geopolitics1) How is global space imagined and represented?2) How is global space divided into essential blocs of zones of identityand difference?3) How is global power conceptualized?4) How are global threats spatialized and strategies of responseconceptualized?5) How are the major actors shaping geopolitics identified andconceptualized?3Ideological Contests in 20th c. Germany (I): LebensraumGermany should expand into new territories in Central and Eastern EuropeIdeological Contests in 20th c. Germany (II): WeltpolitikGermany should acquire colonies like Britain, France, for trade,development, and raw materials; imperialist mentality4geopolitische kartographieIn Boria (2008)5“Major General Professor Doktor”1) Land vs. Sea Powers2) Geographic Determinism3) State as Organism4) Social Darwinism5) Cultural Nationalism6) Lebensraum7) Pan-regionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd-Lmo51ktE6Pan regions1) Autarkic: each with 3 economic zonesa) Core- industrial areasb) Peripheral- agricultural areasc) Undeveloped territories- resource reserves2) Defensible: easy to defend + non-competitive3) Cohesive: Held together by dominant cultureHaushoferʼs Foreign Policy Prescriptions1) Germans must understand global space; as aid to statecraft* “equipment for political action” + “geographical conscience of state”2) Germany should form continental-maritime bloc with Russia + Japan* Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936 (Ger-Jap alliance)3) Alliance between Germany + Russia*Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939*Lasted until Operation Barbarossa, 19417Haushofer + NazisSame1) Reject Versailles2) Hostile to UK/US3) Greater Germany for Germans4) Overpopulation and lebensraumDifferent• Spatial vs. racial determinism• Cooperation vs. war with USSR1) Haushofer never a Nazi2) Albrechtʼs assassination attemptexpansion8…East European ÉmigrésWhat
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