1Anglo-American GeopoliticsMahan: • Geographic attributes of power• Policy Prescriptions for the U.S.Mackinder:• Relationship between geography and technological change• Land Power vs. Sea Power (spatial confinement vs. spatial freedom)• Heartland ModelGerman School• Role of physical geography in affecting geopolitical codes• Realist, conflictual world• Theory of organic state ! lebensraum• Spatial perceptions (“thinking geographically”)• Pan-regions• Theoreticians: Ratzel, Kjellen, HaushoferCold War Geopolitics• Influence of Mackinder and Spykman• Kennan vs. NSC-68– Assumptions– Policy Prescriptions• Truman Doctrine– Goals, vision• Ray Cline– Power Index– Policy Prescriptions• Saul Cohen– Geostrategic regions, geopolitical regions– Shatterbelt2Post-Cold War Geopolitics• Historical context: “The Great Game”– Reasons for Russian expansion– British response• Western interest in Yugoslavia• New Great Game over Caspian Sea oil• US geopolitical codes in the 1990sPost 9-11 Geopolitics: Unilateralism1. Containment of regional powers: traditional state-to-state geopolitics (Russia, China, India)2. Energy Security for U.S. / World• Chokepoints and Pipelines• Diversification of U.S. supplies• Invade Iraq3. Prevent WMD proliferation4. War on Terror: aggressive pursuit of Al Qaeda - a globalist strategy to destroy a non-state actor• Network of bases in strategic locations• Pre-emptive strikes (Israeli model)• An excuse to pursue other goals?5. Roll-back Islamic Fundamentalism• Invade
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