GEOG 4712 Political GeographyLecture 6: Empire?outline1) Exams + Examples2) Discursive diagrams3) Trends + Continuities4) Conceptual links5) Hegemony + Empire6) Popular concerns7) Duck tests8) Debates + Norms9) Power + Space10) Canadian commentaryDiscursive diagramsOverseas Bases + Missions (C. Johnson)Cold War1) Project military power2) Prepare for nuclear war3) ʻTripwiresʼ in ʻhotspotsʼ4) Symbols of powerPost-Cold War1) Absolute military domination2) Surveillance of friends/foes3) Control over petroleum4) Work/income for M-I-C5) Comfort for imperial agentsUS Post-Cold War… Trends (Agnew)1) Absolute military advantage (i.e. ʻfull spectrum dominanceʼ2) Reliance on foreign investment3) Dependence on foreign oil4) No clear or present dangerSorrows (C. Johnson)1) Endless war2) Loss of liberty3) Habitual official lying4) BankruptcyHegemony vs. Empire (Agnew)Hegemony1) Domination or leadership2) Uncertain mix of coercion +consent3) Not necessarily territorial4) More than simple coercion5) Cultural + social leadership6) Common rule + institutions7) …Backed by force1) Will continued US hegemony depend upon creating an empire…as opposed tocontinuing to work multi-laterally…particularly when US economic troubles raisethe possibility of a globalized world order in which it is no longer paramount?2) The hegemony/empire distinction makes visible two distinctive impulses withinUS geopolitics that have historically characterized American national self-images and their projection outwards: ʻRepublic’ and ʻEmpireʼ.”Empire1) Supreme rule2) Over many ʻpeoplesʼ3) Internally4) and Externally5) Absolute dominationLow brow?Duck testshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQBWGo7pef8Power typesGrids of specificationIgnatieffʼs views1) Par excellence…2) Paradigmatic tasks…3) ʻEmpire Liteʼ…4) Exempt/Exceptional…5) Liberal Interventionism…6) Managing insurgent zones…7) No territorial ambitionthe ‘e-word’ + ‘duck
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