Geog 4712 Fall 2007 Review for Final exam – use recitation sheets for the readings A) World-systems theories A Single Capitalist World Economy A System of Multiple States 3- Tier Hierarchy/ 2 Processes global “division of labor.” 4 processes of B phase Antisystemic movements 5 stage sequence of gaining (and losing) hegemony (Wallerstein – innovation, production, trade, finance, culture/political Wallerstein’s 3 short hegemonies – how defined, dates, locations Where are the semi-peripheries? Types of semi-peripheries. 4 activities of states in capitalist world economy Critiques of Wallerstein’s approach (5 criticisms) Similarities of Wallerstein and Modelski models (4 similarities) Differences between Wallerstein and Modelski models (5 differences) Modelski model – 5 cycles (100 years) – dates, hegemons, challengers (at least one in each cycle) formative wars, ideology of each hegemon 4 generational phases of each cycle Criticisms of Modelski (6 critiques) “The territorial trap” Why US military spending should be disproportionately on navy (Modelski) “Why Decline of state autonomy – arguments for/arguments against Hierarchy of world cities – and regional linkages (examples – e.g. New York, Miami, Rio) “alienation” of voters (Marx definition) “anomie” (Durkheim) ‘cultural hegemony” (Gramsci) B) Africa: Neo-colony (definition and examples) Sahel – location and general environmental conditions CPRs, traditional and cash farming, indigenous knowledge Wheat trap – how it hurts food production -> food dependency Concentration of coups (instability) in Africa – where and why? Habermas – 3 crises -Crisis of legitimacy, crisis of rationality, crisis of motivation Example of Ghana – linking economic and political changes – weakness of regimes Politics of failure – cycles of democracy and coups d’etat – reasons for this pattern C) Nationalism Define “nationalism” Distinguish between state, nation, nation-state, self-determination, homeland “jus sanguinis” (rites by blood/ethnicity) vs. “jus soli” (rights by legal residence)Immigrant and citizenship rules –civic and ethnic nationalism Nationalism as a “modernist” phenomenon Primordialist vs. social constructionist perspectives on nationalism “Imagined communities” (Anderson) “internal colonialism” (Hechter) Distinguish between proto-nationalism, separation nationalism, unification nationalism, renewal nationalism, irredentist nationalism Geographic study of nationalism – blend primordialist and social constructionist with focus on territory – necessary and sufficiency conditions – example of Scotland How nationalism is mobilized – example of Ireland- use of culture, symbols, education, etc Lessons of Irish nationalist experience for other movements Role of internal disparities and sense of relative deprivation in minority areas Hypothetica – know 6-8 types of territorial conflicts and example of each Soviet nationalities policy –how implemented by Stalin Russianization and Russification Nationalist mobilization – role of education Use of the national identity by ethnic cadres to make the grievance argument D) Conflict and Post-Conflict Pseudo-states – characteristics and locations Identity building in the TMR – examples of social construction Preferences for separatism and controlling a “homeland” – what explains them? Examples from Bosnia-Herzegovina and the North Caucasus Why is separatist sentiment much stronger in BiH? Biggest differences in separatist sentiment are by socio-demographic categories, not by ethnicity How to look at the world in the early 21st century – Hobbesians versus Kantians 4 ways (incomplete) of examining conflict from political science and economics How do conflicts diffuse? How to build an empire – 3 ways Ratio of international to civil wars – over time War distributions, types and causes in early 21st century The legacy of an atrocity - Beslan Perceptions of the US around the world =- general trends over past
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