Geog 4712 Fall 2010 Review for Final exam – use recitation sheets for the readings A) Geopolitics geopolitics – multiple definitions common elements of definition – power, territory, control, discourse analysis, geopolitical world order geopolitical code geopolitical transition geopolitical culture geopolitical imaginations formal, practical and popular geopolitics Geostrategy tradition (Anglo-American) v. Organic state tradition (Germany) – family tree Mahan – 6 elements of power - “Influence of Seapower on History” Mahan – geopolitical prescriptions for U.S. Mackinder – 5 central themes of political geography Landpower v seapower model – historical success of seapower “Pivot Area” (Heartland) – defensive fortress and geographic centrality in Eurasia Heartland Dictum – key role for Eastern Europe “Midland Ocean alliance” between US and UK Mackinder’s key influence on US foreign policy and US geopolitical traditions. German attempts to control the Heartland and threat to British power Use by Reagan Administration of Heartland theory in 2nd Cold War (“rollback”) The (inaccurate) portrayal of German “geopolitics” in inter-war and WWII US media Role of E. European émigrés in defining U.S. geopolitics German Geopolitics State as an organism – appeal of the organic state analogy Social Darwinism Lebensraum List and describe the Five Themes in German Geopolitics Geopolitical context in which Haushofer is writing; how does this influence his policy prescriptions (Germany’s rise to power; WWI losses; contest with Russia; Operation Barbarossa 1941) Seven principal ideas in Haushofer’s work Define / describe the key points in Haushofer’s pan region model; list the pan regions in both the 4 and 3 region model Four views shared by Haushofer and the Nazis Two key points on which Haushofer disagreed with Nazism Cold War geopolitics 5 scenarios for organizing the world system in 1945 – possible alliances/alignments 5 phases of the Cold War 1945-1989 – the geopolitical foci of each phase Patterns of oscillating antagonisms and the geography of Cold War competitionGeopolitical codes of US administrations - regionalist and globalist schools X article versus NSC-68 documents – major differences in assumptions, conclusions and recommendations Spykman and Containment (Rimland alliances) Kennan’s 3 strategic areas and Reagan’s “chokepoints” (12) Shatterbelts (Cohen) – definition and changing locations since 1963 7 US foreign policy paradigms – associated geopolitical codes and policies (see reading) Pseudo-states – characteristics and locations B) World-systems theories A Single Capitalist World Economy A System of Multiple States 3- Tier Hierarchy/ 2 Processes global “division of labor.” 4 processes of B phase 5 stage sequence of#gaining#(and#losing)#hegemony#(Wallerstein#– innovation, production, trade, finance, culture/political Wallerstein’s 3 short hegemonies – how defined, dates, locations Where are the semi-peripheries? Types of semi-peripheries. 4 activities of states in capitalist world economy Critiques of Wallerstein’s approach (5 criticisms) Similarities of Wallerstein and Modelski models (4 similarities) Differences between Wallerstein and Modelski models (5 differences) Modelski model – 5 cycles (100 years) – dates, hegemons, challengers (at least one in each cycle) formative wars, ideology of each hegemon 4 generational phases of each cycle Criticisms of Modelski (6 critiques) Why US military spending should be disproportionately on navy (Modelski) “wheat trap” revisited in context of “la conjuncture” (Watts) Neo-colony (definition and examples) Sahel – location and general environmental conditions CPRs, traditional and cash farming, indigenous
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