Psych 350 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Other Non verbal cuesII. Social DistanceIII. TouchingIV. Detecting liesV. Detecting a Fake SmileVI. AttributionVII. Dispositional or situationalOutline of Current Lecture I. Cognitive HeuristicsII. Representativeness HeuristicIII. Availability HeuristicIV. Fundamental Attribution ErrorV. ExperimentsCurrent LectureI. Cognitive Heuristicsa. Information- processing rules of thumb- They save timeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Enable us to think in ways that are quick and easy- Unfortunately, they can frequently lead to errorII. Representativeness Heuristica. Judgments are made based on the similarity between the current stimulus and a prototypeb. Base Rates: the frequency with which something occurs in the generalpopulationc. Base Rate Fallacy: the tendency to ignore base rates in favor of the representativeness heuristicd. Also leads to the conjunction error: the violation of the statistical rule that a subset of a group can never be larger than the group itselfIII. Availability Heuristica. The tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mindb. Leads to problems:- We tend to ignore base-rates- False-consensus effectIV. Fundamental Attribution Errora. When we explain other people’s behavior we tend to:- Overestimate the role of dispositional factors- Overlook the impact of situationsV. Experimentsa. College students talked with a confederate who pretended to be a clinical psychology graduate student- Condition 1: half of the students were told that her behavior would be spontaneous- Condition 2: the other half were told that she was asked to behave in a friendly or unfriendly manner- Result: No difference in dispositional inferencesb. Students were randomly assigned to play the role of either the questions or a contestant of a quiz game- Result: both the audience and contestant rated the questioneras being more intelligent than the contestant- Only the questioner avoided the fundamental attribution error and rated them
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