Psych 350 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Cognitive HeuristicsII. Representativeness HeuristicIII. Availability HeuristicIV. Fundamental Attribution ErrorV. ExperimentsOutline of Current Lecture I. Actor-Observer effectII. Motivational BiasesIII. Impression formationIV. The “warm-cold” StudyV. Counter-Factual ThinkingCurrent LectureI. Actor-Observer effecta. The tendency for people to attribute their own behavior to situationalfactors and to attribute others’ behavior to dispositional factorsb. Due to a difference in perspective - When we are doing something, our attention is on the environment- When others are doing something, out attention is on themII. Motivational Biasesa. Belief in a just world: The belief that individuals get what they deservein lifeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Can lead to a tendency to blame victims- Self-protective motiveIII. Impression formationa. How do we come up with first impressions?- Experiment: Participants read one of two lists of trait words describing a person:1. Intelligent- skillful- industrious-warm-determined-practical-cautious2. Intelligent- skillful- industrious-cold-determined-practical-cautious- List #1 was rated far more favorably than List #2b. Asch’s “central traits theory- We view traits not additively, but as an integrated wholeo One trait can color perception of other traitso Some traits count more than others Warm/cold is a central traitc. Experiment: Participants read one of two lists of trait words describing a person:1. Intelligent-industrious-impulsive-critical-stubborn-envious2. Envious-stubborn-critical-impulsive- industrious-intelligent List #1 was rated far more favorably than List #2d. Primacy effect: Initial information is more heavily weighted than later information- Our initial perceptions color subsequent perceptions- Also due to our forming a schema based on the initial information- Also called confirmation biasIV. The “warm-cold” Studya. A guest instructor lectured in several sections of intro economics- Students were given a schema of the instructor- Condition 1: “He is a cold person”- Condition 2: “He is a warm person”- This initial schema influenced ratings of the instructor, although the instructor behaved the sameV. Counter-Factual Thinkinga. Evaluating events based on “What might have been”- If a negative outcome can be more easily altered in our minds, we will experience more
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